Holoenzyme - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Consensus sequences are described with IUPAC ambiguous nucleotide codes. What is a promoter? ~~> DNA sequence which RNA polymerase can bind to and transcribe the protein Prokaryotic promoters ~~> TATAAT -(10 region) 'Pribnow box' TTGACA - (-35 region) - two consensus sequences Prokaryotic RNA polymerase ~~> 1 RNA Polymerase makes all 3 kinds of RNA Composed of 5 subunits, four comprise the core enzyme What is the core enzyme? 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Gr...

Briefly explain how the base pairs A-T and C-G bond to each other and why the interactions they form are important to DNA unwinding. Base pairs form hydrogen bonds to each other. G and C form 3 hydrogen bonds, while A and T form 2 hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds are weak electrostatic interactions that are able to hold the DNA together but are easily broken for the DNA to unwind. Why are telomerase inhibitors an attractive prospect for cancer therapies? >90% of cancer cells expres...

Intro to Enzymes correct answers - a requirement for life is the ability to efficiently and selectively catalyze chemical reactions - most biomolecules are very stable and the uncatalyzed transformations would be too slow to permit life - experiments done showed that dead yeast could still convert sugars into alcohol indicated that the reactions of life could be separated from life - there was a factor in yeast catalyzing the reaction vitalism correct answers a belief that originally, bioc...

Describe how H3Lys9me heterochromatin is formed ~~> H3Lys9me heterochromatin formation: Lys9 deacetylated by HDAC. Suvar39 then methylates lys9. Methylated lys9 is recognised by HP1 and then HP1 binds. HP1 has chromodomain - chromodomains often recognise and bind to methylated lys residues. Chromodomain on HP1 is specific for H3Lys9me (with di or tri methylated lys 9). Binding of HP1 is thought to compact nucleosome arrays as HP1s join together. What is gene expression? ~~> ...

The first step in converting genetic information into proteins is transcription Transcription Synthesis of an mrna version of the instructions stored in DNA Template strand RNA polymerase performs this synthesis by transcribing only one strand of DNA The other DNA strand is called non-template, or coding strand -Matches the sequence of the mrna - expect u are where the T's are RNA polymerase do not require a primer Phosphodietser linage is formed by RNA polymerase after case pairing occurs...

MCB 3020C Module 2 Exam Review Questions and Answers 2024. *Anything denoted in red are extra important takeaways 1. What is the function of the Z ring in binary fission? A. It forms a contractile ring at the septum => Made up of FtsZ (tubulin homologues) molecules important for bacterial septation B. It controls the replication of DNA => Replisome contains DNA replication machinery C. It separates the newly synthesized DNA molecules => ParA polymerizes/depolymerizes to attach...

BIO 111 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST 2024/2025 (100% CORRECT) What is the first mRNA processing step? - ANSWER 5' capping Different mRNAs are made from the same initial pre-mRNA by ________. - ANSWER alternative splicing RNA transcription begins at a ________. - ANSWER promoter ________ protect(s) the pre-mRNA molecule. - ANSWER the 3' poly-a tail The process of pre-mRNA splicing removes ________. - ANSWER introns Spliced ________ differ in their exons. - ANSWER mRNAs Identif...

Fungi - cell wall made of chitin; Eukaryote Algae - cell wall made of silicates, eukaryotic Protozoa - Eukaryote Bacteria - Prokaryotic Virus - Acellular; only reproduce if they are inside of a living cell What allows a substance to cross a membrane - Protiens Substances that will never pass through a membrane - Charged substances Passive movement processes - No ATP needed 1. Diffusion 2. Facilitaed Diffusion 3. Osmosis Active Transport processes - Uniport Aniport Sy...

FRNSC 420 - EXAM 4 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (100% PASS) positive allosteric regulation - Answer️️ -binding of a regulatory molecule to an enzyme induces a conformation change, increasing the enzyme's affinity for a substrate - proteins are activators = enhance RNAP binding and/or induce conformational change, can change binding constant (KB) or rate constant (kf), lowers activation energies negative allosteric regulation - Answer️️ -bound regulatory molecule must release ...

2023 AQA AS BIOLOGY 7401/2 Paper 2 Question Paper & Mark scheme (Merged) June 2023 [VERIFIED] Describe the process of protein production.ANSWER1) Proteins synthesized on ribosomes bound to ER 2) Pass into cisternae 3) Packaged in transport vesicles 4) Move to Golgi via cytoskeleton 5) Fuse with cis face 6) Modified 7) Leave through trans face Describe microFILAMENTS.ANSWERContractile fibres formed from actin. Responsible for cell movement and contraction. Describe microTUBULE...