Academiashop

What do you call a carbon when it is a substituent? - ANSWER-Methyl - Attached to 3 Hs Primary - Attached to 1 R Secondary - Attached to 2 R Tertiary - Attached to 3 R What does alkyl mean? - ANSWER-It refers to an alkane. What are some physical properties of alkanes? - ANSWER-The more Cs, the higher the MP and BP What does branching to do an alkane? Why? - ANSWER-INCReases the MP DECReases the BP Branched alkanes are more compact which weaken Van Der Waals forces and raise the MP....

Organic Chemistry

alkane - ANSWER-R-H (CH₃CH₃) alkene - ANSWER-Functional group: double bond alkyne - ANSWER-functional group: triple bond aromatic compound - ANSWER-functional group: phenyl alkyl halide - ANSWER-functional group: -X (halo group) alcohol - ANSWER-R-OH functional group: -OH (hydroxy group) ether - ANSWER-R-O-R functional group: -OR (alkoxy group) amine - ANSWER-R-NH₂ (primary amine)

Alkane - ANSWER-Example: CH₃CH₃ Functional Group: C-C (Single bond) IUPAC Name: Ethane Shape: Tetrahedral at each C General Formula: CnH2n+2 Occurrence: Methane from natural gas; others from crude oil Alkene - ANSWER-Example: CH₂=CH₂ Functional Group: C=C (Double bond) IUPAC Name: Ethene Shape: Planar General Formula: C2H2n Occurrence: Most from cracking of oil with a catalyst Alkyne - ANSWER-Example: HCΞCH Functional Group: CΞC (Triple bond) IUPAC Name: Ethyne Shape...

In nucleophilic substitution reactions with alkyl halides the leaving group is? A) A hydroxide group. B) A halide anion. C) A halide cation. D) A carbon atom. E) An ester. - ANSWER-B) A halide anion. Rank the following ions in terms of their leaving group reactivity. Br-, Cl-, I-, F-. A) Br- > Cl- > F- > I-. B) I- > Br- > Cl- > F-. C) Cl- > Br- > F- > I-. D) F- > Cl- > Br- > I-. E) F- > Cl- > Br- > I-. - ANSWER-B) I- > Br- &g...

organic chemistry - ANSWER-study of chemical properties of carbon based molecules hydrocarbons - ANSWER-molecules that have hydrogen and carbon basic organic chemistry - ANSWER-molecules that have carbon Why carbon is important - ANSWER-1. carbons valence electrons - branch off in 4 separate directions; makes it a good backbone 2. position of valence orbitals can serve to shape many molecules - allows you to have different shapes 3. can form multiple bonds (depends on type) isomers -...

Fredric Wörler - ANSWER-Made an organic chemical in his lab therefore: ORGANIC CHEMICALS CAN BE SYNTHESIZED BY MAN! (in 1812) Organic Chemistry Definition - ANSWER-Chemistry of carbon compounds e.g. gasoline, oils, polymers, plastics, paints... NOT INCLUDING: oxides (CO2, CO), carbonates (CO3(2-), HCO3-), salts in general) Hydrocarbons - ANSWER-Composed of C chains with H Alkane - ANSWER--Type of hydrocarbon -single bonds only (sp2, sigma bonds) -fairly stable -reactions: co...

organic chemistry - ANSWER-study of carbon compounds organic compounds - ANSWER--have covalent bonds -contain C and usually H -has 4 bonds -typically nonpolar molecules -do not dissolve in water (vegetable oil) -weak attractions between molecules which cause for lower melting(-138 C) and boiling points (-0.5 C) -may burn vigorously in air carbons 4 bonding patterns - ANSWER-alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics alkanes - ANSWER-carbons participate in single bonds (unreactive) al...

Hydrogenation: H2,Ni high pressure/ H2,Pd - ANSWER-Reducing agent... Reduces Alkynes and Alkenes - Alkanes Aldehydes- primary alcohols Ketones- secondary alcohols Esters- two alcohols Imine- amine Amide- amine Nitrile- primary amine Nitro- amine 10% NaOH - ANSWER-Aldol Condensation 1.O3 2.Zn or Me2S Or 1.03 2.H2O2 - ANSWER-1.Ozonolysis (oxidation of an alkene) 2.Hydrogen peroxide does further oxidation. Product = carboxylic acid Carboxylic acid + 1. Alcohol 2. H3O+ (Work-up...

What are *stereoisomers*? - ANSWER-Compounds that differ from each other only in the three-dimensional, spatial arrangement of their atoms, but not in the connectivity of their atoms Isomers - ANSWER-"made of the same parts" Compounds that are constructed from the same atoms (same molecular formula) but that differ from each other What are the two types of isomers? - ANSWER-1. Constitutional isomers 2. Stereoisomers What are constitutional isomers? - ANSWER-Same molecular form...