Mbg2400 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Qualitative traits Ans: controlled by one or a few loci; discrete phenotypes (eye colour, coat colour, seed colour, seed texture, blood type, colourblindness etc) Quantitative traits Ans: controlled by multiple loci (also called polygenic traits); continuous phenotypes (height, weight, racing speed, milk yield, temperature, intelligence, temperament, schizophrenia - threshold trait) --> the range is measured as variation --> many loci contributing to the phenotype P = G + E An...

Pleitropy is when one locus Ans: affects 2 or more traits epistasis is when alleles at one locus Ans: affect the expression of alleles at a different locus linkage is when 2 or more chromosomes are Ans: on the same chromosome P is the frequency of Ans: AA H is the frequency of Ans: Aa 2 Q is the frequency of Ans: aa p is the proportion of Ans: A q is the proportion of Ans: a p+q= Ans: 1 p= Ans: P+0.5H q= Ans: Q+0.5H P+H+Q= Ans: 1 3 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requirement...

name three factors affecting independence (and F2 ratios) Ans: -pleiotropy -epistasis -linkage What is pleiotropy? Ans: When 1 gene (locus) has more than 1 effect on an individuals phenotype (eg. W allele in cats causes both white fur and deafness) What is epistasis? Ans: a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus (eg. W allele masks all other colour or pattern genes in cat coat when present) P Ans: frequency of the homo dominant (AA) genotype ...

When do F2 ratios do not hold? Ans: When 2 loci are not independent What is pleiotropy? Ans: One locus affects more than one trait What is epistasis? Ans: Allele at one ocus that affects the allele on another locus What is linkage Ans: 2 or more loci on the same chromosome What impairment is linked with white fur in cats and what is it caused by Ans: Deafness and melanocytes 2 What do P,H,Q stand for in the equation+H+Q=1? Ans: P=homozygous dominant, H=heterozygous, Q=homozygous Wha...

How many loci are involved in quantitative traits? Ans: 10s, 100s, 1,000s of loci What do the many loci involved in a quantitative trait do? Ans: Most have a small effect on the overall function, some have larger parts and can be found. QTL is? Ans: quantitative trait loci QTL Detection Ans: Finding a polymorphism in the genome that is associated with a difference in phenotype. Polymorphism Ans: 2 or more variant forms of a specific dna structure 2 SNP Ans: single nucleotide poly...

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using the hardy-weinberg principle, what happens to p and q w/ random mating Ans: nothing, their values don't change when detecting carriers, what happens to P(Bb) and n increases Ans: P(Bb) decreases as n increases, creating a higher level of confidence in detecting a carrier migration Ans: the movement of alleles from 1 population to another what do the proportion of alleles in a new population depend on Ans: immigration rate + difference in allele frequencies between the 2 populatio...

What is heritability? Ans: the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes What is a quantitative trait? Ans: a measurable phenotype that depends on the cumulative actions of many genes and the environment What is a QTL? Ans: quantitative trait loci What is the goal of QTL detection? Ans: find a polymorphism in the genome that is associated with a distinct difference in phenotype What are examples of QTLs? Ans: Calpastatin, halothane 2 When is candidat...

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