Ost 575 exam 3 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Hepatobiliary disorders I What is the process of cirrhosis? - answerinflammatory cells damage parenchyma--> parenchyma begins to collapse--> new collagen laid down, leads to scarring--> scar will bridge portal regions and central vein regions *leading to fibrosis/cirrhosis* What is the gross anatomy of someone with liver cirrhosis? - answerliver is smaller in weight distinct nodules are usually present texture is very firm ...

OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Understanding LFTs What are the enzyme tests for liver damage? - answerTransaminase (AST, ALT) Alkaline phosphatase gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) What lab levels are tested to determine how well the liver is functioning? - answerAlbumin Prothrombin time What can also be tested to detect if there is liver damage that is NOT an enzyme and can be detected based on physical presentation? - answerbilirubin What are some general sym...

OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Pancreatitis What is pancreatitis? - answeran inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of regional tissues or remote organ systems Why is incidence of pancreatitis in the US rising? - answerdue to biliary pancreatitis *obesity* What are the 3 criteria for diagnosis of pancreatitis? - answerSymptoms such as epigastric pain consistent with disease Serum amylase or lipase greater than 3x upper limits of normal Rad...

OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Pancreatic Cancer What is the prognosis of pancreatic cancer? - answerPOOR with overall 5 year survival of 5% What are the different parts of the pancreas? - answer What age does pancreatic cancer usually start to occur? - answerafter 45 yrs old (rare before) What race is pancreatic cancer more common in? - answerafrican americans What are the groups at risk for pancreatic cancer? - answerHistory of hereditary pancreatitis familial hi...

OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Cirrhosis. Distortion of the hepatic vasculature causing shunting of portal and arterial blood supply directly into hepatic outflow (central veins) and the compromise of exchange between hepatic sinusoids and the adjacent liver parenchyma (i.e hepatocytes) is characteristic of what liver disorder? - answerLiver cirrhosis What are the clinical consequences of liver cirrhosis? - answerimpaired *hepatocyte* function increased intrahepati...

OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Liver Cancer. Where is primary cancer of the liver common? Who is it common in? - answerCommon in Asia and Africa *common in males* What are some chemicals that can cause primary cancer of the liver? - answeraflatoxin exogenous hormones methotrexate What are common causes of cirrhosis (that eventually will cause hepatocellular carcinoma)? - answerHemachromatosis Hepatitis B (*Asia, Africa*) Alcoholic Parasitic (Schistosomiasis) ...

OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Hepatobiliary Disorders II What is the blood supply of the liver? - answer*dual blood supply* from hepatic artery and portal vein What is the common reaction pattern that occurs when the biliary system undergoes dysfunction for any reason, causing buildup of bile and bile pigments? - answercholestasis What are some mechanisms that can cause cholestasis? - answerdecreased or defective bile secretion obstruction of bile channels, eithe...

OST 575 - Exam #1 Questions And Correct Answers Where does the esophagus reside before piercing the diaphragm and joining the stomach at the cardioesophageal junction? - answerposterior mediastinum What separates the thoracic and abdominal part of the esophagus? - answerdiaphragm What does the esophagus lie anterior to? posterior to? - answerANTERIOR - prevertebral fascia POSTERIOR - trachea What are the 3 restriction spots of the esophagus? - answer#1 = cricopharyngeus muscle #2 = arch...

OST 575 - Exam #3 --> Liver Function tests. Questions And Correct Answers What are the players that can be tested to assess liver function? - answeraminotransferases serum proteins (ALBUMIN) Bilirubins Blood clotting factors alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase What is the function of an aminotransferase enzyme in the liver? - answercatalyzes the transfer of NH2 group from a *donor alpha amino acid* to an *acceptor KETO ACID* What is the reason for having aminotrans...

OST 575 - Exam #2 Questions And Correct Answers --> Parasites 1&2 What is the key symptom of a giardiasis (giardia intestinalis) infection? - answerBorborygmi What is the infectious form of Giardia that is usually ingested in contaminated water? What is the infectious dose of Giardia? - answerCysts *infectious dose is SMALL < 10 cysts* What is the replicating form of Giardia that "graze" on proximal small intestine, as commensals, and reproduce by binary fission? - answerTroph...