Nusctx Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

NUSCTX 10, Midterm 1 - UC Berkeley (Midterm 1 Study Guide) Q & A Graded A+

Nutrigenomics - The relationship between genes and diet Diet - Individually what someone eats Cuisine - Collectively what a population eats Physical Environment - Why do we grow what we do? Climate, soil, water, plant life, animal life. Socioeconomic environment - Broader economic and political environment affects access to food. Sociocultural Environment - Technology, social organization, and ideology Technology - A society's technology interacts with other aspects of culture (ex. fire) ...

Goal - To gain a basic knowledge that will enable you to make effective choices about your nutritional needs Healthy Diet - is one that provides the right amount of energy to keep weight in the desirable range; the proper types and balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; plenty of water; and sufficient but not excessive amounts of essential vitamins and minerals. Metabolism - is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-cat...

Diseases of the 20th Century were mostly - nutrient deficiencies Diseases of the 21st century are mostly due to - nutrition/metabolism-related disorders (not deficiencies) What is the cause of change in diseases from 20th to 21st century? - Obesity Obesity - disorder of body fat (excess body fat to lean tissue) BMI - body mass index (kg/m^2) -BMI 27-30 = overweight -BMI > 30 = obese Prevalence in obesity is (3) - 1.) Higher in low socioeconomic in western world 2.) Higher in minority...

Which organelle participates in the chemical processes that transfers energy from the chemical bonds of nutrient molecules to newly created ATP molecules? - mitochondria The body's main source of energy is _____________ and should be the major part of total daily food intake. - carbohydrates To be considered an essential nutrient, a substance must have all these characteristics except... (a) it has a specific biological function. (b) removal from the diet leads to a decline in human biolo...

Anabolism - Uses energy to construct components of cells. Catabolism - Breaks down organic matter, for example, to harvest energy. Nutrient Density - A measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to its energy content. Trace Minerals - Needed only in tiny amounts. These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body. These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese. Protein Complementation - The act of consuming a variety of plant products to provide all the necessary...

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Preclinical Development 6-7 years of preclinical testing Manufacturer completes synthesis and purification of the drug and conducts animal testing Of 5000 compounds tested, ~5 will appear promising enough for a company to file an Investigational New Drug Application If the IND is approved, then the company can begin Phase I clinical trials Essential Pharmaceutics Structural characterization Impurity identification Solubility assessment Prototype formulation Stability testin...

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