Texas Tech Health Sciences Center University
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This is a 9 page review of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System and the different types of Hypersensitivities.
General Surgery (EOR) End of Rotation Exam Test 
Bank Fall 2022. 
_______is the most important anesthetic complication. Anesthesia causes an uncontrolled increase 
in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, which overwhelms the body's capacity to supply oxygen, 
remove CO2, and regulative body temperature. Malignant hyperthermia 
If patient is hyperkalemic (normal range 3.8-5.0), how should you treat the patient? treat with 
glucose/insulin, and calcium +/-bicarb 
_______is the reversing agent ...
What rating system puts pts into risk categories based on cardiac disease? What factors does it include? – 
ANS Detsky's Modified Cardiac Risk Index 
- age >70 
- MI 
- Unstable angina 
- Pulmonary edema 
- Aortic stenosis 
- Arrhythmia 
- Emergency operation 
- Poor general medical status 
 
Detsky's Modified Cardiac Risk Index – 
ANS **Look at pg 294 in Babcock** 
I = 0-15 pts (low) 
II = 15-30 pts (intermediate) 
III = 31+ pts (high) 
 
What rating system determines chance of car...
Aortic Aneurysm - Weakness and subsequent dilation of the vessel wall, usually caused by genetic defect or atherosclerotic damage to the intima. 
 
Weakness and subsequent dilation of the vessel wall, usually caused by genetic defect or atherosclerotic damage to the intima. - Describe Aortic Aneurysm 
 
1. Atherosclerosis damage to intima 
2. Genetic defect - What typically causes an aortic aneurysm? 
 
Atherosclerosis - This is the most common cause of Aortic Aneurysm? 
 
1. Congenital 
2. Syp...
what are the 2 conditions under the inflammatory bowel disease umbrella? - 1. ulcerative colitis 
2. crohn's dz 
 
in comparing ulcerative colitis and crohn's dz, which is: 
-limited to the colon w/ rectum always involved *VS* mouth to anus 
-transmural *VS* mucosa/submucosa involved 
-LLQ *VS* RLQ pain 
-bloody diarrhea *VS* non 
-complications of perianal dz, strictures, fistulas & granulomas *VS* colon cancer & toxic megacolon 
-colonoscopy showing "skip lesions" & cobblestoning *VS* ulce...
When can a patient eat prior to a major surgery? - NPO after midnight or at least 8 hours 
 
What risks should be discussed with all patients and documented on the consent form for a surgical procedure? - Risk: Bleeding, infection, anesthesia, scars 
 
If a patient is on anti-HTN meds should the patient take them on the day of the procedure? - Yes 
 
Should a patient who smokes cigarettes stop before an operation? - Yes - improvement is seen in just 2-4 weeks of smoking cessation 
 
What lab tes...
what is the most common type of liver cancer? - hepatocellular carcinoma 
 
tx for hemochromatosis (excessive iron loading) - deferoxamine chelation 
 
HBsAg - acute/chronic infection 
 
HBeAg - VERY INFECTIOUS 
acute/chronic infection 
infectivity 
wild type viral infection 
 
anti-HBc - marker of exposure 
persists indefinitely 
 
anti-HBe - low infectivity 
 
Anti-HBs - marker of immunity 
VACCINATION 
 
what can cause false + for hemoccult? - grapefruit, red meat, turnips 
radishes, horserad...
Where do aortic aneurysms most commonly occur? - ANS Below the kidney 
 
What is a pseudoaneurism? - ANS A collection of blood and connective tissue located outside the vessel wall 
 
What is the normal measurement of the abdominal aorta? - ANS 2cm 
 
At how many centimeters does the abdominal aorta become aneurismal? - ANS 3 cm 
 
At how many centimeters would an abdominal aortic aneurysm need surgical repair? - ANS 5 cm 
 
What is the initial test for a suspected AAA? - ANS Abdomin...
Definition of Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Transient relaxation of the LES, leading to gastric acid reflux which causes esophageal mucosal injury 
 
Complications of GERD - Esophagitis, esophagus stricture, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma 
 
Definition of Barrett's esophagus - Esophageal squamous epithelium replaced by precancerous metaplastic columnar cells 
 
Clinical Manifestation of GERD - Heartburn (pyrosis) is hallmark, often restrosternal and postprandial; dyphagia; ...
_______is the most important anesthetic complication. Anesthesia causes an uncontrolled increase in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, which overwhelms the body's capacity to supply oxygen, remove CO2, and regulative body temperature. - Ans Malignant hyperthermia 
 
If patient is hyperkalemic (normal range 3.8-5.0), how should you treat the patient? - Ans treat with glucose/insulin, and calcium +/-bicarb 
 
_______is the reversing agent for opiods. - Ans Naloxone 
 
_______is the rever...