Cedarville University
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When does the act of digestion begin? - The process of digestion begins with the act of chewing 
 
Which part of the brain controls swallowing? - -swallowing begins as a voluntary act that is regulated by the medulla oblongata 
-controlled by CNS 
 
Diseases that disrupt the brain centers or cranial nerves can predispose the patient to ___________? - Aspiration (something in the lungs) 
-stroke -brain injury -neurodegenerative conditions -seizures 
-neuromuscular -advanced dementia (swallowing ...
What is a never event? - shocking medical errors that should NEVER occur, clearly identifiable, and usually preventable 
 
What are examples of a never event? - pressure injury, UTI after cath, wrong site surgery 
 
What is important to know about the cost of never events? - CMS will not cover these 
 
Who qualifies for medicare? - those over 65, end stage renal disease or ALS, someone who has already received 24 mos of disability insurance, must be a US citizen or resident for 5 years 
 
Who qu...
LPNs can delegate to: - only unlicensed personnel 
 
RNs can delegate to: - LPNs or unlicensed personnel 
 
Unlicensed personnel can delegate to: - no one 
 
NCSBN - National Council of State Boards or Nursing, helps identify, describe, or clarify the activity, intervention, or role under consideration in delegation. Created the Scope of Nursing Decision-Making Framework 
 
5 Rights of delegation - right task, right person, right circumstance, right directions & communication, right supervision ...
Management of hyponatremia? - Restore sodium levels: sodium supplements, high sodium foods 
Restrict fluids: monitor I&O, daily weights 
Correct cell swelling: isotonic or hypertonic IV fluids 
Keep safe: seizure precautions 
 
Management of hypenatremia - Restrict sodium intake 
Monitor skin and mucous membranes 
Monitor BP and pulse 
SLOW fluid replacement: 
Monitor I&O 
Daily weights 
Isotonic fluids or PO 
 
what is the largest extracellular electrolyte - sodium 
 
what does sodium do - help...
Tubes propelling urine from the kidney to the bladder - Ureters 
 
Ureters can be blocked by this - renal calculi (kidney stones); peristaltic waves try to pass a kidney stone (these are called renal colic) 
 
a muscular sac that acts as a reservoir for urine until a sufficient amount collects o be voided - Bladder 
 
What is the muscle that the bladder is made of? - detruser muscle 
 
How much will the typical adult bladder hold? - 600 ml of urine 
 
A tube from the bladder to the outside envir...
What are some ideas for ways to make a pediatric patient feel comfortable? 
Role playing first 
Maintain their routine 
Let mom hold them when taking VS, doing assessments, giving meds 
Play: • Playrooms • Child life specialists • Age appropriate toys • Creativity, diversions • Developmental stimulation • Games, books (don’t forget low tech) 
“First do no harm” : 
1. Minimize child’s separation from family 
2. Promote sense of control 
3. Prevent/minimize pain 
family advoc...
encouraging family care and bonding 
Create warm environment 
 
Keep family together, "rooming in" 
 
Teach infant care 
 
Provide positive feedback 
 
Remain open minded 
 
Support caregiver(s) 
 
Provide culturally sensitive care 
NURSING CARE OF THE NEWBORN AND FAMILY: BIRTH TO TWO HOURS OF LIFE 
transitioning from intrauterine to extra-uterine living 
 
there are certain processes critical to extra-uterine survival 
 
-VERY ATTENTIVE TO ABC'S AND T'S 
-AIRWAY (suctioned immediately) 
-BR...
What is a never event, and what are some examples of a never event? - -shocking medical errors that should never occur 
-adverse events that are unambiguous 
-leads to serious disability or death 
-usually preventable. 
EX: CAUTI, DVT, stage 3/4 pressure injuries nosocomial 
 
Who qualifies for Medicare and what are the 3 parts of it? - - 65 years +- 
younger but disabled after receiving SSDI for 2 years 
-person who has end-stage renal disease or ALS. 
 
Medicare part A: "hospital insurance",...
margo mccaffery definition of pain - whatever the person experiencing the pain says it is, existing whenever the person says it does 
 
intentional association for the study of pain (IASP) defines pain ad - an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or describe in terms such as damage 
 
steps of pain - 1. Transduction 
2. Transmission 
3. Perception 
4. Modulation 
 
transduction - 1. noxious stimuli causes cell damage with the release of se...
According to AACN, baccalaureate generalist nurses are... 
designers, coordinators, and managers of care 
Prevention 
to keep from happening or existing 
Management 
to handle or direct with a degree of skill; to exercise supervisory direction of; to treat with care 
Examples of nursing prevention 
- assessment 
- education 
- planning 
- early intervention 
Examples of nursing management 
- prioritization 
- delegation 
- collaboration 
- implementation 
The Nursing Process 
- assessment 
- dia...