Med Surg Nur 265 (NUR265)

NUR 265 Advanced Exam 1 STUDY GUIDE. Anatomy of the Kidney: - The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. - Normal GFR is 120-125. - If 75% of nephrons quit = renal insufficiency. - Kidneys are sensitive to changes in cardiac output. VOLUME DEPENDENT. A decrease in urine output indicates a decrease in cardiac output. - If the SBP is below 70 for over 40 minutes, the kidney will become hypo then ischemic. - If the SBP drops, the arterioles dilate. If the SBP elevate, arterioles con...

Renal Failure 1. Compare the pathophysiology of acute and chronic renal failure. o Acute: Reversible; onset is hrs. to days; must intervene ASAP **Preventing volume depletion (hypovolemia, fluid volume deficit) is a nursing priority because this is the most common cause of AKI; Recognizing the early s/s (low urine output, orthostatic hypotension, decreased systolic BP, decreased P, thirst, and rising blood osmolarity) and intervening to restore volume can reverse AKI and prevent permane...

Nephrotic Syndrome: o NS is a condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted. o Immunological Kidney disorder o This causes massive loss of protein in the urine, edema formation, and decreased plasma albumin levels.  Proteinuria- severe protein loss more than 3.5 g in 24- hour urine sample. o Key features:  Massive proteinuria >3.5g / 24hrs  Hypoalbuminemia <3g/dL  Edema...