Organic Chemistry Exam Mastery Bundle: Questions & Accurate Answers

alkane - ANSWER-R-H (CH₃CH₃) alkene - ANSWER-Functional group: double bond alkyne - ANSWER-functional group: triple bond aromatic compound - ANSWER-functional group: phenyl alkyl halide - ANSWER-functional group: -X (halo group) alcohol - ANSWER-R-OH functional group: -OH ...

Organic Chemistry

What do you call a carbon when it is a substituent? - ANSWER-Methyl - Attached to 3 Hs Primary - Attached to 1 R Secondary - Attached to 2 R Tertiary - Attached to 3 R What does alkyl mean? - ANSWER-It refers to an alkane. What are some physical properties of alkanes? - ANSWER-The more Cs, ...

isomers - ANSWER-molecule that have the same molecule formula constitutional isomers - ANSWER-same formula, different connectivity of atoms stereoisomers - ANSWER-same formula, same connectivity, DIFFERENT spatial arrangement conformer - ANSWER-rotation of a group around a sigma bond (also ...

Chemistry - ANSWER: Study of matter and their chemical and physical properties Matter - ANSWER: Anything that has mass and occupy space Chemistry - ANSWER: Central science. Connects physical science and life science Energy - ANSWER: Ability to do work and accomplish change Analytical che...

Thermal Cracking - ANSWER: - High temperatures (1000C) - High pressure (up to 70atm) - Produces ALKENES - E.g. ethene --> polyethene Catalytic Cracking - ANSWER: - Zeolite catalyst - Slight pressure - High temperature (450C) - Produces AROMATICS Reformation - ANSWER: Alkanes --> c...

atoms to the left of carbon _______________ electrons - ANSWER: give up Atoms to the right of carbon ______________ electrons - ANSWER: accept carbon __________ electrons - ANSWER: share number of protons; defines which element - ANSWER: atomic number sum of protons and neutrons in an is...

Valence Shell - ANSWER: outermost electron shell Valence Electrons - ANSWER: electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom Valence electrons on the periodic table - ANSWER: The number of valence electrons in an A group of the periodic table = its group number Octet Rule Theory - ANSWER...

Compound - ANSWER: A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. Organic compounds - ANSWER: Compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. The four major groups of organic compounds are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Inorgani...

What is Organic Chemistry? - ANSWER: study of compounds that contain the element CARBON. Why is carbon important? - ANSWER: Central element to all living organisms!! It is the basis to all life on earth. By studying carbon and organic compounds, scientists can learn more about life, the human bod...

Alkanes - ANSWER: entirely single bonds between carbons and hydrogens Alkenes - ANSWER: has a double bond and sp2 hybridization between some C and hydrogens Alkynes - ANSWER: has a triple bond between some carbon and hydrogens, sp hybridized What is the difference between benzene aromatic c...

organic compounds have at least one --- atom - ANSWER: carbon carbon atoms bond to form --, --, and -- - ANSWER: chains, rings, and networks bonds in an organic compound are --- - ANSWER: covalent organic compounds form --- compounds - ANSWER: molecular true false. organic compounds ar...

conc. H₂SO₄, heat - ANSWER: E1 Alcohol --> Alkene regioselective - more substituted double bond stereoselective - trans(E)>cis(Z) Rearrangement around tertiary alcohol HCl - ANSWER: Sn1 Alcohol --> Alkyl halide regioselective - tertiary alcohol HBr (3) - ANSWER: Sn1/Sn2: Al...

List 15 carbon names? -ANSWER: 1 - Methane 2 - Ethane 3 - Propane 4 - Butane 5 - Pentane 6 - Hexane 7 - Heptane 8 - Octane 9 - Nonane 10 - Decane 11 - Undecane 12 - Dodecane 13 - Tridecane 14 - Tetradecane 15 - Pentadecane carbon bonds - ANSWER: carbo...

Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water. Lipids - ANSWER-Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their deriva...

pKa = 25 - ANSWER-C2H2 pKa = 51 - ANSWER-CH3CH3 pKa = 44 - ANSWER-C2H4 pKa = 38 - ANSWER-NH3 pKa = 35 - ANSWER-H2 pKa = 15.9 - ANSWER-CH3CH2OH pKa = 15.7 - ANSWER-H2O pKa = 10.64 - ANSWER-CH3NH3+ pKa = 9.24 - ANSWER-NH4+ pKa = 7.04 - ANSWER-H2S pKa = 6.33 - ANSWER-H2CO3

Inductive effects - ANSWER-The way in which electronegative atoms polarise electron density in the single bond framework of a molecule -I electron withdrawing effect - ANSWER-atoms that pull electrons away from the carbon that they are bonded to. more electronegative than carbon +I electron do...

Organic compounds are based on the element... - ANSWER-Carbon But not every compound contains carbon is organic. Think ____ ____, or CO2 - ANSWER-Carbon dioxide Carbon can form 4 different covalent bonds (why?) and is very ________ in its bonding. - ANSWER-Because of its 4 valence electrons; f...

Alcohols - ANSWER-general formula: -ROH functional group -OH referred to as hydroxyl group nomenclature of alcohols - ANSWER-replacing -3 ending of root alkane with ending with -ol If alcohol is highest priority functional group, carbon atom attached to it receives the lowest possible num...

Empirical formula - ANSWER-The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound How to find the empirical formula - ANSWER-Obtain the mass of each element present in grams (Element % = mass in g = m) Determine the number of moles of each type of atom present Divid...

How can alkenes be made? - ANSWER-We can obtain alkenes by cracking long chain hydrocarbon molecules that come from crude oil. What are alkenes? - ANSWER-Alkenes are hydrocarbons that are unsaturated and contain a carbon to carbon double bond. Why are alkenes unsaturated? - ANSWER-Alkenes are ...

Empirical formula - ANSWER-A formula that gives the simplist whole number ration of atoms of each element in a compound Molecular formula - ANSWER-A way of representing molecules that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule General formula - ANSWER-An algebraic formula t...

chiral carbon - ANSWER-A carbon that is singly bonded to 4 different atoms forming a tetrahedron that forms non-superimposable mirror images homolytic fission - ANSWER-breaking a bond where each electron in a bond goes to one atom heterolytic fission - ANSWER-breaking a bond where both electro...

T/F The properties of the hydrogen atom form the basis for all life - ANSWER-False The source of materials which eventually formed our vast coal and oil deposits came from _______ buried in _______ rocks all over the earth. - ANSWER-plant & animal matter sedimentary T/F Petroleum is used ...

Cis - ANSWER-Isomer with same group on same side Trans - ANSWER-Isomer with same group on different sides Addition - ANSWER-Reaction where double bond is broken and atoms are added into the molecule Elimination - ANSWER-Reaction where atoms are removed from molecule and a double bond forms ...

Meth- - ANSWER-1 carbon in main chain Eth- - ANSWER-2 carbons in main chain Prop- - ANSWER-3 carbons in main chain But- - ANSWER-4 carbons in main chain Pent- - ANSWER-5 carbons in main chain Hex- - ANSWER-6 carbons in main chain Hept- - ANSWER-7 carbons in main chain Oct- - ANS...

Covalent - ANSWER-When 2 atoms "share" electrons Empirical Formula - ANSWER-The lowest whole # ratio of atoms in a compound Molecular Formula - ANSWER-The actual number of atoms in a compound Homologous Series - ANSWER-The series of hydrocarbons that follows the formula C(n)H(an+b) ...

HX - ANSWER-Turns Double Bond into Addition of X at MarkovNikov position HBr, ROOR - ANSWER-Turns Double Bond into Addition of X at Anti-MarkovNikov position H₃O⁺ - ANSWER-Turns Double Bond into Addition of Alcohol at MarkovNikov position 1)Hg(OAc)₂, H₂O 2)NaBH₄ - ANSWER-Turns Dou...

water - ANSWER--an inorganic molecule -60-80% of the volume of living cells -chemical nature gives it 6 important properties water is the universal solvent - ANSWER-water is polar- and allows small reactive compounds and ions to dissociate evenly (blood plasma, water in the lungs, bodily secret...

Organic Chemistry - ANSWER-The branch of chemistry which deals with carbon compounds, including those with no relationship to life. Saturated Hydrocarbon - ANSWER-Contain only only carbon-to-carbon single bonds. The most chemically inert of all organic compounds. Unsaturated Hydrocarbon - ANSW...

What is empirical formula? - ANSWER-Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound What is molecular formula? - ANSWER-Actual number of atoms of each element in a compound. What is general formula? - ANSWER-Algebraic formula for a homologous series What is structural for...

Homologous series - ANSWER-A series of organic compounds that have the same general formula, similar chemical reactions. Hydrocarbon - ANSWER-A compound containing only the elements hydrogen and carbon Saturated - ANSWER-An organic compound in which all the bonds are single bonds Unsaturate...

Alkanes - ANSWER-suffix "ane" single bonded hydrocarbons saturated non-polar london forces Alkenes - ANSWER-suffix "ene" at least one double bond unsaturated non-polar london forces Alkynes - ANSWER-suffix "yne" at least one triple bond unsaturated non-polar ...

Chemical formula for alkane - ANSWER-Cn H2n+2 Chemical formula for alkene - ANSWER-Cn H2n What is a molecular formula? - ANSWER-Shows the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule What is the structural formula? - ANSWER-It shows how the atoms are joined together in a molecule...

Lewis Acid - ANSWER-Any species that can accept electrons Polar-Covalent Bond - ANSWER-A bond between two atoms differing in electronegativity by 0.5 - 2 Hydrophillic - ANSWER-A term used to describe a "water loving" species Bronsted-Lowry Acid - ANSWER-A compound that can donate a pr...

definition homologous series - ANSWER-The members of a series of organic compounds which differ from one another in the number of carbon atoms they contain definition functional group - ANSWER-A small group of atoms attached to a carbon atom in a molecule, giving characteristic properties to the ...

Alkanes - ANSWER-A homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons made of C-H and C-C single bonds Alkenes - ANSWER-A homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one C=C double bond Alkynes - ANSWER-A homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons with one C to C triple bond Haloal...

Homologous series - ANSWER-Follows a regular pattern and have the same general molecular formula and differ only by the addition of -CH2- groups Alkane - ANSWER-CnH2n+2 Alkene - ANSWER-CnH2n Alcohol - ANSWER-R-OH Aldehyde - ANSWER-R-CHO Carboxylic acid - ANSWER-R-COOH Ketone - ANSW...

Organic chemistry - ANSWER-Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, and specifically compounds containing the C-H bond. Catenation - ANSWER-The property of carbon where carbon atoms can join together to form chains and rings. Alkanes - ANSWER-A homologous series; Family of hydrocarb...

Hydrocarbon - ANSWER-Any compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms Alkanes - ANSWER-Simple type of hydrocarbon. Have C-C single bond. Saturated compounds from the homologous series Alkanes Formula - ANSWER-C(n)H(2n+2) Alkanes List - ANSWER-Methane - CH4, Ethane - C2H6, Propane -...

Empirical Formula - ANSWER-The lowest whole # ratio of atoms in a compound Molecular Formula - ANSWER-The actual number of atoms in a compound Functional Group - ANSWER--An atom or group of atoms (other than hydrogen) -Impacts specific physical and chemical properties of a homologous series ...

Organic chemistry - ANSWER-chemistry of carbon compounds that contain primarily carbon & hydrogen Organic compounds - ANSWER-contain carbon, usually hydrogen & maybe O, S, N, Cl, Br, F, I # of bonds carbon has - ANSWER-4 Organic compound properties - ANSWER-Nonpolar, weak RxNs b/t molecs, l...

Do you understand why there are so many organic compounds - ANSWER-(1) Catenation—carbon can bond to other carbon atoms in combination with other atoms like hydrogen and halogens, forming long chains and cycles (2) Carbon can form multiple bonds (3) Carbon can form bonds with many other elements...

Organic Chemistry - ANSWER-Chem of composition containing carbon and usually H,O, & N. How do we study the compounds? - ANSWER-by Family or file Hyrdrocarbon - ANSWER-A compound that contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon Alkane - ANSWER-A CLASS OF HYDROCARBONS THAT HAS ONLY SINGLE ...

Organic Chemistry - ANSWER-The study of carbon, its structures and reactivity. Chemical Formula for Alkane - ANSWER-Cn H2n+2 Chemical Formula for Alkene - ANSWER-Cn H2n Chemical Formula for Alkyne - ANSWER-Cn H2n-2 4 - ANSWER-The number of valence electrons Carbon has (number of bonds it...

Organic Chemistry - ANSWER-The branch of chemistry which deals with carbon compounds, including those with no relationship to life. Covalent Bond - ANSWER-Inter-atomic relationship created by the sharing of at least one pair of electrons. Saturated Hydrocarbon - ANSWER-Contain only only carbon...

Alkane - ANSWER-Hydrocarbon with no double bonds Alkene - ANSWER-Hydrocarbon with one or more double bonds Fractional distillation - ANSWER-Method of separating liquids by boiling point Kerosene - ANSWER-One of the fractions of crude oil, used for aircraft fuel Alcohol - ANSWER-Organic m...