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Organic Chemistry Terms (Complete and accurate exam solutions for top grades)
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definition homologous series - ANSWER-The members of a series of organic compounds which differ from one another in the number of carbon atoms they contain definition functional group - ANSWER-A small group of atoms attached to a carbon atom in a molecule, giving characteristic properties to the...

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  • October 19, 2024
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Organic Chemistry Terms (Complete
and accurate exam solutions for top
grades)

definition homologous series - ANSWER-The members of a series of organic
compounds which differ from one another in the number of carbon atoms they contain



definition functional group - ANSWER-A small group of atoms attached to a carbon
atom in a molecule, giving characteristic properties to the compound



definition substituent group - ANSWER-A functional group that branches off of the
longest chain in an organic compound



definition hydrocarbon skeleton - ANSWER-The part of the molecule containing only
carbon and hydrogen, whose size increases further up a series



traits of a homologous series - ANSWER-- its members have the same functional group
and can be represented by the same general formula

- successive members have an additional CH(2) group

- its members show a gradation in their physical properties

- its members have similar chemical properties



traits of

1. empirical formula

2. molecular formula

3. structural formula - ANSWER-1. the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms it
contains

2. the actual number of atoms of each type present in a molecule

3. the representation of the molecule showing exactly how the atoms are bonded to
each other

, definition structural isomers - ANSWER-molecules possessing the same molecular
formula but different arrangement of atoms and therefore different structural formulas



traits of

1. full structural formula

2. condensed structural formula - ANSWER-1. shows every bond and atom

2. omits bonds where they can be assumed and groups atoms together



definition stereochemical formula - ANSWER-A diagram of a molecule showing the
relative positions of atoms or groups around carbon in three dimensions



List three rules of condensed structural formulas - ANSWER-1. Identify the longest
continuous chain of carbon atoms; this gives the stem of the name

2. Use the functional group endings as the suffix of the name

3. Use the substituent groups as the prefix of the name, keeping the rules in mind



List three rules of identifying substituent groups - ANSWER-1. each substituent group is
preceded by its carbon atom number and a dash, and is followed by a dash

2. If there is more than one side chain of the same type, it is preceded by "di-, tri-, tetra-"
etc. with the carbon atom numbers separated by commas

3. sort multiple substituents first by alphabetical order, then by lowest carbon atom
number to greatest



List two rules of identifying functional groups - ANSWER-1. Identify the lowest possible
carbon atom number the functional group includes, then separate the stem from the
suffix by dashes and the number

2. If the functional group can only exist in one place or if there is no functional group,
use normal nomenclature



definition benzenes - ANSWER-A planar molecule in which the six carbon atoms share
electrons with themselves and the six hydrogen atoms in a symmetrical arrangement of
single and double bonds

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