LIFESCI 2G03 Test 1 ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
LIFESCI 2G03
Institution
LIFESCI 2G03
LIFESCI 2G03 Test 1 ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
mutation - CORRECT ANSWER- a change in the DNA sequence
germline mutation - CORRECT ANSWER- heritable, occurs in germ-line cells, and is
passed on/present in all cells of the progeny
LIFESCI 2G03 Test 1 ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a change in the DNA sequence
germline mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- heritable, occurs in germ-line cells, and is
passed on/present in all cells of the progeny
somatic mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- non heritable, does not occur in germ-line
cells, is not passed onto progeny, is passed onto all descendants of that cell
what regions of the DNA are affected by germline and somatic mutations, respectively? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- both types of mutations may affect the protein coding regions or
the non-coding regions
what is the effect of mutations in protein coding regions? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
affects the polypeptide sequence, and may impact protein function
what is the effect of mutations in non-coding regions? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- in non-
coding RNA: impacts gene expression
in introns: impacts polypeptide sequence
wildtype allele - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the more abundant allele
mutant allele - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the more rare allele
loss of function mutation + the 2 types - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- reduces or abolishes
protein function.
1. null (amorphic): complete loss of protein function
2. hypomorphic: incomplete, reduced activity
, gain of function mutation + the 3 types - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- increased activity or
new function; or expression in the wrong place/time
1. hypermorphic: more protein or increased activity
2. neomorphic: generates a new function
3.dominant negative/anti-morphic: prevents the normal protein from performing its
homeostatic function
are loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations usually dominant or recessive? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -loss of function: can be either
-gain of function: almost always dominant
Tp53 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- transcription factor that acts as the gatekeeper of cell
cycle progression; stopping the cell cycle if there is DNA damage; tumor suppressor
what is Tp53 supposed to do when there is damaged DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
promote apoptosis genes, promote DNA repair genes, and inhibit cell cycle genes
DBD + function - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the DNA binding domain, important for Tp53
to bind to DNA and regulate transcription
What happens when there is a loss of function of DBD? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
reduction in DNA binding capacity, abolished gene expression, increased proliferation of
mutated cells
what type of mutation causes a mutant p53 protein? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- dominant
negative/anti-morphic mutation
what happens when there is a mutant p53 protein? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -suppresses
the function of wild type p53
-does the opposite of what's supposed to happen: inhibits apoptosis genes, inhibits DNA
repair genes, and promotes cell cycle genes
spontaneous mutation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- occurs randomly with no known cause
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