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NR 325 Final Exam question and verified answers
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NR 325 Final Exam question and verified answers
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NR 325 Final Exam question and verifiedanswers
Intracranial regulation - ANS Cognitive function
Mobility
Gas exchange
Perfusion
Gerontologic considerations: Nervous system - ANS Anticipate changes in
-Memory
-Vision
-Hearing
-Taste
-Smell
-Muscle strength
-Reaction time
-Position sense
Nervous system diagnostic studies - ANS CT
MRI
Angiography
Electroencephalography
Nerve conduction
Lumbar puncture
Evaluate CSF fluid
Primary causes of acquired brain injury - ANS Degenerative diseases
Tumors
Trauma
Stroke
Hypoxia/anoxia
Alcohol related and other toxins
Infection
Degenerative diseases causing brain injury - ANS Multiple sclerosis
Huntington's disease
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Increased intracranial pressure - ANS -ICP = Pressure in the brain confined within the skull
-When the brain becomes injured it swells due to inflamed brain tissue, blood, and CSF
,-The skull cannot expand and increased pressure is placed on delicate brain tissue
Glasgow coma scale - ANS a neurologic scale used to assess level of consciousness
-Score from 3-15
-coma = 3-8
Glasgow coma scale categories - ANS Eyes opening
Verbal Response
Motor response
Eyes opening scale - ANS 1: none
2: to pain
3: to voice
4: spontaneously
Motor response scale - ANS 1. none
2. abnormal extension
3. abnormal flexion
4. withdraws from pain
5. localises to pain
6. obeys command
Verbal response scale - ANS 1: none
2: incomprehensible sounds
3. inappropriate words
4. confused
5. orientated
Manifestations of increased ICP - ANS Headache
Seizures
Cushing's Triad
Vomiting (not preceded by nausea, may be projectile)
Changes in speech
Changes in LOC
Flattening affext
Decreased orientation and attention
Coma
Papilledema
Pupillary changes
Impaired eye movement
Posturing changes
Decreased motor function
Manifestations of increased ICP in infants - ANS Bulging fontanels
, Cranial suture separation
Increased head circumference
High pitched cry
Cushing's triad - ANS Hypertension
Bradycardia
Irregularly respirations
Postural changes with increased ICP - ANS Decerebrate
Decorticate
Flaccid
Manifestations of increased ICP vs shock - ANS Opposite
-Increased ICP = high BP, low pulse, low resp
-Shock = low BP, high pulse, high resp
Decorticate positioning - ANS Flexor
Arms are like C's
Moves in toward the cord
-Problems with cervical spinal tract or cerebral hemisphere
Decerebrate - ANS Extensor
Arms are like e's
-Problems within midbrain or pons
Types of traumatic brain injury - ANS Concussion
Contusion
Coup-Contrecoup Injury
Diffuse axonal injury
Penetrating injury
Warning signs after a head injury (1st 24 hrs) - ANS Changes in LOC:
-Increased drowsiness
-Confusion
-Difficult to arouse
Seziures
Bleeding or water drainage from nose/ears
Pupils slow to react or unequal
Visual problems
Loss of sensation to any extremity
Slurred speech
Projectile vomiting
Causes of seizures - ANS Severe birth injury
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