100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Rush - Advanced Pharmacology - NSG 531 - Exam 3 Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update $13.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

Rush - Advanced Pharmacology - NSG 531 - Exam 3 Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update

 0 view  0 purchase

what is the difference between cardiac myocyte action potential and that of the CNS or ANS? nerve cell action potential is very short cardiac action potential is much longer they are longer to have adequate filling time in order to get a good contraction for a reasonable bolus of blood ...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 35  pages

  • November 7, 2024
  • 35
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
All documents for this subject (5)
avatar-seller
TestTrackers
#Examify | #OnlineExams | #TestPrep | #StudyResources | #AcademicSuccess |
#ExamPreparation | #QuizTime | #LearningTools | #Education | #StudentSupport




Rush - Advanced Pharmacology -
NSG 531 - Exam 3 Questions and
Correct Answers the Latest Update
what is the difference between cardiac myocyte action potential and that of the

CNS or ANS?


✓ nerve cell action potential is very short
✓ cardiac action potential is much longer
✓ they are longer to have adequate filling time in order to get a good contraction for a
reasonable bolus of blood
✓ the only way this can happen is if the action potential is longer
✓ this will also mean that the refractory period will be longer



What are the 5 phases of the non-pacemaker action potential?


✓ 0 - depolarization
✓ 1 - partial repolarization
✓ 2 - plateau
✓ 3 - repolarization
✓ 4 - resting membrane potential



what happens during phase 0 of the non-pacemaker action potential


✓ depolarization
✓ voltage gated sodium channels are opening up until we get past threshold



what happens during phase 1 of the non-pacemaker action potential



Examify | Smart Grades | Latest update

,#Examify | #OnlineExams | #TestPrep | #StudyResources | #AcademicSuccess |
#ExamPreparation | #QuizTime | #LearningTools | #Education | #StudentSupport

✓ partial repolarization



what happens during phase 2 of the non-pacemaker action potential


✓ plateau
✓ calcium channels open (L-type because they are long)
✓ potassium is still open
✓ potassium out and calcium in - they are opposing each other in voltage giving the
plateau
✓ this is when the ventricles are filling



what happens during phase 3 of the non-pacemaker action potential


✓ repolarization
✓ calcium channels are closed
✓ potassium channels are the only thing open taking their positive charge with them
making the interior more negative



what happens during phase 4 of the non-pacemaker action potential


✓ resting membrane potential where we are in between action potentials there is no
net change in ovltage inside the cell



When does contraction take place?


✓ begins towards the end of repolarization and ends at some point during
repolarization



refractory period


Examify | Smart Grades | Latest update

,#Examify | #OnlineExams | #TestPrep | #StudyResources | #AcademicSuccess |
#ExamPreparation | #QuizTime | #LearningTools | #Education | #StudentSupport

✓ during phase 0, 1, 2, and part of phase 3 the cell is refractory to the initiation of new
action potentials
✓ many antiarrhythmic drugs increase the Refractory period which reduces myocyte
excitability



what are the benefits of the refractory period


✓ limits frequency of cardiac contractions
✓ allows for adequate filling time
✓ prevents sustained contractions



how are pacemaker cells different from non-pacemaker cell


✓ no resting membrane potential - no point where it is flat
✓ there are very few sodium channels in pacemaker - sodium channels are not driving
depolarization - calcium is
✓ only 3 phases
✓ comprised of cells within the SA node
✓ generate regular, spontaneous action potentials



what are the phases of pacemaker action potential


✓ 0 - rapid depolarization
✓ 3 - repolarization
✓ 4 - slow depolarization



what happens during phase 0 of the pacemaker action potential


✓ Rapid depolarization
✓ something is coming to open voltage gated calcium channels (L-type) calcium comes

Examify | Smart Grades | Latest update

, #Examify | #OnlineExams | #TestPrep | #StudyResources | #AcademicSuccess |
#ExamPreparation | #QuizTime | #LearningTools | #Education | #StudentSupport

rushing in



what happens during phase 3 of the pacemaker action potential


✓ repolarization
✓ potassium channels now open up, potassium rushes out, repolarizes



what happens during phase 4 of the pacemaker action potential


✓ slow depolarization
✓ with potassium rushing out we are all the way down at -60
✓ funny sodium channels open up until voltage reaches -50
✓ T-type (transient) calcium channels open up until voltage reaches -40
✓ L-type calcium channels then open back up



Describe how non-pacemaker APs can mimic pacemkaer APs


✓ Hypoxia and ischemia
✓ when the resting membrane potential is not getting enough oxygen it is going to
become more positive because you need oxygen to produce ATP. If we are deficient
in ATP then the NA K ATPase pump wont be functioning

✓ if someone is hypoxic in a focal area - say they have a resting membrane potential at
-45 - the fast sodium channels won't open - they start using calcium to open - so
they would convert into action potentials that use calcium (hence how they mimic
pacemaker APs)



excitation-contraction coupling


✓ sequence of events from motor neuron signaling to a skeletal muscle fiber to

Examify | Smart Grades | Latest update

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TestTrackers. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

81989 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$13.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart