Chargaff's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A=T and C=G; regardless of species
Rosalind Franklin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- prepared crystallographs from DNA samples
which suggested a double strand helix with 10 nucleotides in each full turn of DNA.
Watson and Crick - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Used Rosalind Franklin and Chargoff's
findings to create a physical model of DNA.
Describe the structure of DNA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- DNA is a double helix where the
bases are on the inside and the sugar-phosphate groups are on the outsides of each strand. The
strands run antiparallel. DNA has a major and minor groove; the major groove can allow
solvents to access DNA. The bonds between bases are held together by hydrogen bonds.
Describe the directionality of DNA - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The two strand are
antiparallel. The 5' end contains a free 5' phosphate group. The 3' end contains a free 3'
hydroxyl group. The beginning of the strand contains a phosphate because of the 5' end.
Base Pair Bonding - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 2 H bonds between A and T
3 H bonds between C and G
What does DNA need to replicate in a test tube? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -Nucleoside
monomers of DNA (bases)
-DNA molecules to serve as templates
, -DNA Polymerase
-Salts and pH buffers (DNA can only replicate in certain environments)
Meselson-Stahl experiment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- found that the mode of DNA
replication is semi-conservative meaning that the newly replicated DNA strands contained
one parent and one daughter.
3 Steps of DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. Initiation: unzipping of DNA
2. Elongation: adding complementary base pairs by phosphodiester bonds.
3. All DNA regions have been replicated.
Bacteria DNA Replication - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Their chromosomes are circular so
they have a single origin of replication and they strands unwind on both sides (two replication
forks) and end at opposite side.
Eukaryotic DNA Replication - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Eukaryotes have linear
chromosomes so they have multiple ori sites where DNA is unwound and replicated and they
terminate when they bump into each other.
Primase - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- an enzyme that adds a typically RNA primer onto the
ori site before replication begins, so that DNA polymerase can find the ori.
DNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Catalyzes the phosphodiester bonds between
sugars and phosphates when adding bases; the HB occurs naturally. DNA polymerase
synthesizes in the 5' to 3' but reads the template in 3' to 5'.
DNA Helicase and single-strand binding proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- DNA Helicase
uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to unwind DNA. It binds to the ori before Primase does.
The single strand binding proteins are inserted into the open strand so that it doesn't rewind
into the double helix shape.
leading strand - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- grows at the 3' end as the fork is opening
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