FTCE Subject Area Exam (K-6) UPDATED Questions and CORRECT Answers
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FTCE Subject Area
Institution
FTCE Subject Area
FTCE Subject Area Exam (K-6) UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Pre-alphabetic - CORRECT ANSWER- Usually pre-k; child relies on visual clues to help
them read words such as Golden Arc. logo=McDonalds.
Emergent Literacy - CORRECT ANSWER- Involves the skills, knowledge, and attitudes
that ...
FTCE Subject Area Exam (K-6) UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Pre-alphabetic - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Usually pre-k; child relies on visual clues to help
them read words such as Golden Arc. logo=McDonalds.
Emergent Literacy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Involves the skills, knowledge, and attitudes
that are developmental precursors to conventional forms of reading and writing.
Emergent Literacy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-Oral Language Development
-Phonological Awareness
-Alphabet Knowledge
-Decoding
-Concepts of Print
-Motivation
-Text Structures
Development of Emergent Literacy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Begin developing in early
infancy and early childhood through participation with adults in meaningful activities
involving talking and print.
Oral Language Development - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-Knowing words is key to learning
to read.
-Reading is a different way of communicating.
-Difficult to learn to read if you do not know words (ie., what they mean; what they
represent).
,Different Skills have Major Influences at Different Points in the Reading Process -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-Vocabulary has some role early in the process--indirectly affects
decoding.
-More complex oral language skills have a roll later on in the process-directly affect
comprehension.
-Very clear that OLS are important for later reading achievement and for general academic
success.
-However, also very clear that strong oral language skills alone are not sufficient.
Phonological Awareness - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The ability to hear and manipulate the
separate sounds within words.
Alphabet Knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The recognition of letters as distinct
symbols that have specific names.
Process, Skills, and Stages of Word Recognition that lead to Effective Decoding - CORRECT
ANSWER- ✔✔-Pre-alphabetic
-Partial-alphabetic
-Full-alphabetic
-Graphophonemic
-Morphemic
Pre-alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Words are not decoded in an alphabetic
sense but as icons. "Non-alphabetic, visually silent cues." A person is considered to be in this
phase if they identify few letter names or distinguishes few phonemes in words, recognizes
few written words each primarily in a limited context.
Example of the Pre-alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The word, "stop." A
person in the pre-alphabetic phase might readily identify the word in context of a stop sign
but not when written in non-desrcript type in the context of say, a newspaper article or flash
card. Similarly, a person in this phase may recognize their name when written but not know
the sounds made by each of the letters.
*Often associated with students with less than 1st grade reading abilities.
,Partial-alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Letter cues are added to context cues in
the decoding of print. A person in this phase will identify the names and major sound of most
consonants. They're increasingly likely to use some of these letter-sound associations as
decoding and spelling cues. They are decreasingly likely to use non-alphabetic context cues.
Example of Partial-alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Decoding miscues during
this phase will commonly result in non-sense words based on a simple use of letter-sound
associations. For example, a person might pronounce ball as /bal/ instead of /bol. Conversely,
they may use invented spellings such as "bol" of ball.
Full-alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The major sound symbol relationships for
each letter are used systematically. A person early in this phase is apt to decode many words
letter by letter. They most likely use initial and final letters as decoding cues. Later in this
phase, a person is apt to recognize many words by sight, produces fewer miscues when
decoding aloud, and few miscues yet that are nonsense words.
Example of the Full-alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔When spelling in this
phase, a person will use real and plausible invented spellings with real letters to represent real
words. For example, error in decoding, "hope" might be /hop-e/ earlier in the full alphabetic
phase but later is likely to be hop or another real word.
*Referred to by some as the spelling-sound phase of word learning,
Graphphonemic - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Cueing focuses on various visual cues and
knowledge about the relationship between sounds and symbols. The student's phonological
awareness is very important for this system. Teacher can ask, "Does that look right?"when an
error is made.
*Refers to the sound relationship between the orthography (symbols) and phonology (sounds)
of a language.
Partial-alphabetic - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Child associates letters with sounds.
Full-alphabetic - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Children are able to read words in this phase of
developing word analysis skills or word recognition.
Morphemic - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Smallest meaningful unit of speech. Morpheme can
be a free form (PIN) or a bound form (-S in PINS), has no smaller meaningful parts. Many
, words have one morpheme, but some, like compound words or words with affixes, have more
than one.
Instructional Methods for the Development of Decoding Skills - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-
Continuous Blending
-Chunking
Continuous Blending - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Children listen to a sequence of separately
spoken phonemes, and then combine the phonemes to form a word. Then they write and read
the word.
Example: Teacher: "What word is /s/ /i/ /t/?
Student: /s/ /i/ /t/ is sit.
Chunking - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Using prior knowledge or letter sounds and words to
identify parts of a word we might already know. For instance, the word "stop." This could be
chunked 2 different ways.
1.) I know the chunk "st," so I just need to figure out what "op" is. Once we have done that
we can blend them back together to form "stop."
2.) I know the word "top," so I just need to blend it with the /s/ sound to make "stop."
Accuracy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Ability to correctly read the words in text.
Automaticity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Ability to instantly recognize a large bank of
words quickly to decode unfamiliar words.
Rate - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Speed of reading
Prosody - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Ability to read with appropriate rhythm, intonation, and
expression.
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