Critical Care Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
Critical Care
Institution
Critical Care
Critical Care Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT
ANSWERS
P wave - CORRECT ANSWER- Depolarization of the atria
PR interval - CORRECT ANSWER- -Normal is 0.12 to 0.2 seconds
- onset of atrial depolarization until onset of ventricular polarization
QRS complex - CORRECT ANSWER- -Nor...
Critical Care Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT
ANSWERS
P wave - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Depolarization of the atria
PR interval - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -Normal is 0.12 to 0.2 seconds
- onset of atrial depolarization until onset of ventricular polarization
QRS complex - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -Normal is 0.06 to 0.11 seconds
-Ventricular depolarization
-systole
T wave - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -appears after QRS complex
- Ventricular repolarization
-Spiked T-wave occurs with hyperkalemia
U wave - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - repolarization of the purkinje fibers
- seen in patients with hypokalemia
SA node - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the pace-maker of the heart; where the impulse
conduction of the heart usually starts; located in the top of the right atrium just below
superior vena cava
*sends impulses 60-100 BPM
Normal Sinus Rhythm - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Rate is 60-100/ minute
Rhythm is regular
P wave present
PR interval: normal 0.12-0.20
,QRS complex:normal
Interpretation: normal sinus rhythm
normal QRS: 0.06- 0.10
Sinus Bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Rate is <60/minute
Rhythm is regular
P wave present
PR interval: normal 0.12-0.20
QRS complex:normal
Interpretation: treat sinus brady with *0.5mg atropine ( if emergent)* , dopamine,
epinephrine, pacer.
*normal in patients when sleeping or sleeping
-may occur with use of Beta blockers or calcium channel blockers, digoxin, morphine, vagal
stimulation, hypothermia, hypothroidism
Sinus Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Rate is >100/min (usually below 160)
Rhythm is regular
P wave present
PR interval: normal 0.12-0.20
QRS complex:normal 0.6-0.10
Interpretation: correct the underlying cause, adminster beta blockers or calcium channel
blockers.
*treat underlying cause.**
- may be a normal response from a fever, exercise, anxiety, pain, dehydration. May
accompany shock, LHF, hyperthyroidism, anemia, hypovolemia, PE, MI
-can be caused by caffiene, nicotine, amphetemines, atropine, cocaine.
, Sinus Arrhythmia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Rate: increases on inspiration, decreases on
expiration
Rhythm: *Always has irregular rhythm*
P waves?: yes
PR interval: normal
QRS: normal
Significance: usually a normal finding and usually is *not treated*
Premature Atrial Complexes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Rate: normal
Rhythm:abnormal
P waves?: Yes, has *EARLY* p waves
PR interval? WNL
QRS:WNL
Significance:
*electrical impulses start in atrium BEFORE beat finishes
-CAUSES: stimulants, alcohol, anxiety, hypokalemia
-common in normal hearts*
- if EKG shows many, could be an early sign of SVT or A.fib
TREAT underlying cause (minimize stress, dont drink caffeine)
Atrial Flutter - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Rate: 250-400/min
Rhythm: regular
P waves: NO only flutter(sawtooth) waves are seen
PR interval: N/A
QRS: WNL
Significance:
SAWTOOTH waves
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