CGMBS Exam 1 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions
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Course
CGMBS
Institution
CGMBS
DNA polymerase delta - Answer-eukaryote: completes replication on the *lagging*
strand; binds more tightly to DNA sliding clamp
nucleotide and base excision repair
Single strand binding proteins - Answer-Bind to the unpaired DNA strands, keeping
them from re-pairing
topoisomerase 1 - Answer-Ma...
CGMBS Exam 1
DNA polymerase delta - Answer-eukaryote: completes replication on the *lagging*
strand; binds more tightly to DNA sliding clamp
nucleotide and base excision repair
Single strand binding proteins - Answer-Bind to the unpaired DNA strands, keeping
them from re-pairing
topoisomerase 1 - Answer-Making single-stranded DNA breaks to relieve supercoiling
at origin
topoisomerase 2 - Answer-An enzyme that breaks both strands (a DNA double helix),
rotates the ends, and seals the break.
*USES ATP*
DNA gyrase - Answer-type of topoisomerase 2
DNA helicase - Answer-An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix at origin
Primase - Answer-RNA polymerase: An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the
primer using the parental DNA strand as a template.
DNA Polymerase I - Answer-A prokaryotic replication enzyme that fills in gaps in the
lagging strand between Okazaki fragments; also proofreads the final strands
DNA replication - Answer-
DNA Polymerase II - Answer-DNA repair
DNA polymerase III - Answer-prokaryotic: In charge of synthesizing nucleotides onto the
leading end in the classic 5' to 3' direction.
Dna polymerase epsilon - Answer-*leading* strand synthesis; requires presence of
helicase
nucleotide and base excision repair
DNA sliding clamp - Answer-keep DNA polymerase firmly attached to the template while
it is synthesizing new strands of DNA
DNA ligase - Answer-an enzyme that eventually joins the sugar-phosphate backbones
of the Okazaki fragments
, template strand or non-coding strand - Answer-The DNA strand that provides the
template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an mRNA transcript.
coding strand - Answer-the *strand of DNA* that is not used for transcription and is
identical in sequence to mRNA
Pyrmidines - Answer-cytosine, thymine, uracil
"King TUT lived in a _____"
small nuclear RNA (snRNA) - Answer-Noncoding RNA found in eukaryotes and
involved in splicing, polyadenylation, and other processes in the nucleus.
small interfering RNA (siRNA) - Answer-triggers degradation of other RNA molecules
constitutive transcription - Answer-mRNA transcribed constantly and abundantly
inducible, or regulatory, transcription - Answer-mRNA transcribed only at certain times
during the cell cycle or under particular conditions
When and where does DNA replication take place? - Answer--Synthesis (s phase)
-nucleus
rules of replication - Answer-1. semiconservative
2. starts at "origin"
3. synthesizes in 5-3 direction
4. can be uni or bidirectional
5. semi-discontinuous (leading and lagging strand)
6. RNA primers required
How do we know DNA replication is semiconservative? - Answer-Meselson-Stahl
experiments
15N cells transferred to 14 N cells
origins for prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes - Answer-prokaryotes: single site origin
eukaryotes: multiple sites of origin
what happens if a base mismatch occurs? - Answer-mispaired nucleotide removed by
3-5 proofreading
why does DNA replication only occur in the 5 to 3 direction? - Answer-the incoming
nucleotide undergoes nucleophilic attack by the 3' hydroxyl group of the growing strand
at the alpha phosphorus of the 5' phosphate group.
topoisomerase - Answer-prevents torsion by DNA breaks
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