SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition
by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell, Chapters 1 – 28
,Artificial Intelligences
1 Introduction ...
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2 Intelligent Agents ...
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II Problem-solving
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3 Solving Problems by Searching ...
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4 Search in Complex Environments ...
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5 Adversarial Search and Games ...
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6 Constraint Satisfaction Problems ...
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III Knowledge, reasoning, and planning
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7 Logical Agents ...
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8 First-Order Logic ...
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9 Inference in First-Order Logic ...
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10 Knowledge Representation ...
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11 Automated Planning ...
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IV Uncertain knowledge and reasoning
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12 Quantifying Uncertainty ...
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13 Probabilistic Reasoning ...
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14 Probabilistic Reasoning over Time ...
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15 Probabilistic Programming ...
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16 Making Simple Decisions ...
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17 Making Complex Decisions ...
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18 Multiagent Decision Making ...
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V Machine Learning
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, 19 Learning from Examples ...
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20 Learning Probabilistic Models ...
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21 Deep Learning ...
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22 Reinforcement Learning ...
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VI Communicating, perceiving, and acting
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23 Natural Language Processing ...
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24 Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing ...
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25 Computer Vision ...
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26 Robotics ...
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VII Conclusions
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27 Philosophy, Ethics, and Safety of AI ...
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28 The Future of AI
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, EXERCISES s s
1
INTRODUCTION
Notesthatsforsmanysofsthesquestionssinsthisschapter,swesgivesreferencesswheresanswersscansbesfo
undsrathersthanswritingsthemsout—thesfullsanswersswouldsbesfarstooslong.
1.1 What Is AI?
s s s
Exercises1.1.#DEFA
Definesinsyoursownswords:s (a)sintelligence,s(b)sartificialsintelligence,s(c)sagent,s(d)sra-
stionality,s(e)slogicalsreasoning.
a. Dictionarysdefinitionssofsintelligencestalksabouts“thescapacitystosacquiresandsapplyskno
wledge”sors“thesfacultysofsthoughtsandsreason”sors“thesabilitystoscomprehendsandsprofitsf
romsexperience.”s Thesesaresallsreasonablesanswers,sbutsifsweswantssomethingsquantifia
blesweswouldsusessomethingslikes“thesabilitystosactssuccessfullysacrosssaswidesrangesofsob
jectivessinscomplexsenvironments.”
b. Wesdefinesartificialsintelligencesassthesstudysandsconstructionsofsagentsprogramssthatsp
erformswellsinsasgivensclasssofsenvironments,sforsasgivensagentsarchitecture;stheysdosthes
rightsthing.s Ansimportantspartsofsthatsissdealingswithsthesuncertaintysofswhatsthescurrents
statesis,swhatsthesoutcomesofspossiblesactionssmightsbe,sandswhatsissitsthatswesreallysdesir
e.
c. Wesdefinesansagentsassansentitysthatstakessactionsinsresponsestosperceptssfromsansenvi-
sronment.
d. Wesdefinesrationalitysassthespropertysofsassystemswhichsdoessthes“rightsthing”sgivenswh
atsitsknows.s SeesSections2.2sforsasmorescompletesdiscussion.s Thesbasicsconceptsissperfec
tsrationality;sSections??sdescribessthesimpossibilitysofsachievingsperfectsrational-
sitysandsproposessansalternativesdefinition.
e. Wesdefineslogicalsreasoningsassthesasprocesssofsderivingsnewssentencessfromsold,ssuchsth
atsthesnewssentencessaresnecessarilystruesifsthesoldsonessarestrue.s(Noticesthatsdoessnotsrefer
stosanysspecificssyntaxsorsformalslanguage,sbutsitsdoessrequiresaswell-
definedsnotionsofstruth.)
Exercises1.1.#TURI
ReadsTuring’ssoriginalspapersonsAIs(Turing,s1950).s Insthespaper,shesdiscussessseveralsobjecti
onsstoshissproposedsenterprisesandshisstestsforsintelligence.sWhichsobjectionssstillscarry
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