ESL Supplemental Exam (154) Actual Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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ESL Supplemental
Institution
ESL Supplemental
ESL Supplemental Exam (154) Actual
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Phonology/ Phoneme - CORRECT ANSWER- system of sounds/ study of sounds
*the sound structure of speech and in particular the perception, representation, and production
of speech sounds. The phonemes are the smallest unit of ...
ESL Supplemental Exam (154) Actual
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Phonology/ Phoneme - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔system of sounds/ study of sounds
*the sound structure of speech and in particular the perception, representation, and production
of speech sounds. The phonemes are the smallest unit of sound; Example:
English: /b/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /h/ /m/ /n/ /t/ /z/ /s/ /u/ /ø/ /æ/ /∂/
Examples of words: ship/chip; day/they; sheep/cheap; sin/sing
*identify sounds in the mouth
phoneme: a unit of sound
ex: "cat" has three phonemes (3 units of sound you can pull apart + manipulate)
Example question: How many phonemes are in the word "meaning"? answer:5
m-ea-n-i-ng
keywords: sound structure
phon=sound
example questions:
An ELL is experiencing difficulty with an aspect of English phonology. In order to address a
difficult in this area, the students' teacher should initially focus instruction on ________. A:
Target Sound (always start with sounds, then move into print, connect print later)
Allophones - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔letters or combinations of letters that make the same
sound
ex: "k" and "c" make /k/ sound ("Keep Cool")
example question: What are the allophones for /k/? answer: ch, ck, k, ke
keywords: same sounds
,English Phonology - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔be able to identify what sounds come from
what places in the mouth
Morphology/ Morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the study of the structure and form of
words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of
compounds. The morphemes are the smallest unit of meaning. Examples : Sing + ing =
singing, play + ed = played; Prefixes: Those that precede the stem: un + common =
uncommon
Suffixes: Those that follow the stem: eventual + ly = eventually
Morphemes—smallest parts of words that have meaning
ex: tree= 1 morpheme trees= 2 morphemes
(morphemes of "tree" + "s" which signifies plural)
Tree is a free morpheme (Can stand alone)
S is a bound morpheme (cannot stand alone)
Morphology impacts words in various ways:
-changing tense (kick/kicks/kicked)
-changing degree (fast/faster/fastest)
-change the lexical category of a word (if it is a verb, noun, adjective, etc) (teach/teacher)
-creating new words (tie/untie, test/pretest)
-Compounding (sunroof)
-Borrowing (karaoke)
-Shortening (fed from federal)
-Blending (smog)
-Acronyms (BFF)
keywords: word structure, parts of words
sample questions:
, Look at the following sentences an ELL wrote. What does the teacher need to work on with
the student?: "I like play. I play a game" A: verb tense (related to morphology)
Sentax - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the study of rules governing language combinations and
sequences
Syntax is about the relationship between words.
English is an SVO language. Subject-Verb-Object.
rules of how we organize language, orders of how we set up sentences
keywords: *sentence structure + grammer*
examples:
(how a word functions in a sentence—blessed can be a verb or an adjective— "The priest
blessed the couple." "It is a blessed event.")
Some possible errors:
"Pass me the marker blue."
"Tomorrow I go house friend."
Lexicon - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔refers to one's vocabulary or dictionary
the vocabulary of a language
orthography - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔a writing system, an alphabet
Semantics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and
sentences.
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