BIO 1A03 Test 2 Review UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
3 views 0 purchase
Course
BIO 1A03
Institution
BIO 1A03
BIO 1A03 Test 2 Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is needed for prokaryote growth - CORRECT ANSWER- Nutrient-rich
environment containing amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, nucleotides, favourable
temperature
housekeeping genes - CORRECT ANSWER- required all ...
BIO 1A03 Test 2 Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is needed for prokaryote growth - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Nutrient-rich
environment containing amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, nucleotides, favourable
temperature
housekeeping genes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔required all the time for vital functions
Constitutively expressed
includes structural proteins, ribosomal proteins, RNAP, DNAP
allow for constant maintenance
Regulated genes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔turned on/off when needed
includes enzymes needed to channel growth/division
Beta-Glalactosidase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔enzyme that metabolizes lactose into
glucose and galactose - cleaves the B1-4 linkage between them
produced by turning on B-galactosidase gene, only done when lactose is present without
glucose
works in cytoplasm
Levels of Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔transcriptional control
translational control
post translational control
transcriptional regulation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔controls the amount of mRNA in the
cell
controls binding of proteins to the promotor regions to activate/inhibit transcription
slowest regulation - must still transcribe/translate after receive signal - cell starts from scratch
when certain protein is needed - often involved in more drastic environmental changes
- also most efficient - no energy/resources wasted
,translational control - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔may/may not be immediately translated in
prokaryotes, ribosome binds to Shine-Dalgarno sequence
amount of protein depends on translation rate/stability of mRNA
Post-translational control - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔many post-translational modifications
regulate whether the polypeptide is active/inactive
fastest regulation - allows for stockpile of inactive protein, which is activated as soon as the
signal is received
lactose permeate - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔transmembrane protein that allows for
transport of lactose into a bacterial cell
operon - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔groups of functionally related genes grouped to
transcription units along the bacterial chromosome
control expression of whole gene cluster as one unit
components of an operon - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔promoter, operator (on/off switch) and
coordinated gene cluster
operator - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔sequence of nucleotides near the start of the operon
that can be regulated to allow or inhibit transcription
- when nothing is bound to the operator, RNAP can attatch to the promoter and transcribe
genes in the operon
polycistronic - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔mRNA that can code for more than one
polypeptide - includes multiple genes in one
has many start/stop codons to show where the sequences start/stop
, Lac O - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔binding site for repressor proteins that is expressed by the
lac I coding sequence
Main structural genes of lac operon - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔lac Y - codes for lactose
permease
lac Z - codes for B galactosidase
Lac I - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Lac Inducer
controls expression of lac Y, lac Z
codes for repressor protein that will bind to lac O site and block transcription
- because it blocks, this is negative transcription regulation
- repressor is constitutively expressed at low levels,
Repressor protein in lac operon - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔creates a DNA loop
tetrameric protein - 4 identical subunits that bind to operator regions in DNA
glucose facilitates constitutive expression of repressor protein
inducer molecule - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔eg lactose
binds to repressor, releasing it from the DNA
when operator not bound by transcription inhibitor, then RNAP can bind to the promoter and
transcribe the operon to produce both proteins
cAMP - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔cyclic AMP
low glucose leads to high cAMP levels in cell - +ve regulation
binds to cAMP receptor protein/catabolyte activator protein, which in turn is able to bind to
the CRP-cAMP binding site - activates transcription of the operon
How glucose regulates cAMP levels - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔regulates adenylyl cyclase
activity - stops creation of cAMP from Atp and adenylyl cyclase
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller MGRADES. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
