WSET Diploma D1 UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
WSET Level 4 D2
Institution
WSET Level 4 D2
WSET Diploma D1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Most important North American grape species - CORRECT ANSWER- Vitis labrusca, Vitis
riparia, Vitis berlandieri and Vitis rupestris
Four main sections of a grape vine - CORRECT ANSWER- the main shoots, one-year-old
wood, permanent wo...
WSET Diploma D1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Most important North American grape species - CORRECT ANSWER- Vitis labrusca, Vitis
riparia, Vitis berlandieri and Vitis rupestris
Four main sections of a grape vine - CORRECT ANSWER- the main shoots, one-year-old
wood, permanent wood and the roots
What comprises the canopy of a vine? - CORRECT ANSWER- The main shoots and all of
their major structures - stem, buds, leaves, lateral shoots, tendrils and inflorescences/grape
bunches
What do the main shoots grow from, and when? - CORRECT ANSWER- The main shoots on
the vine grow in spring from buds retained from the previous year
Where are carbohydrates stored in a vine? - CORRECT ANSWER- Stems, trunks, roots
Define lignify - CORRECT ANSWER- Green shoots become woody and rigid, they are then
called canes
Where do buds form? - CORRECT ANSWER- between the leaf stalk (petiole) and the stem
Define the two types of buds - CORRECT ANSWER- - Compound buds (form in one
growing season and break open the following growing season, producing main shoots;
typically a primary, secondary, and maybe tertiary)- Prompt buds (form and break open same
season, form lateral shoots)
- Prompt buds (form and break open same season, form lateral shoots)
What is the main function of lateral shoots? When are they desirable/undesirable? -
CORRECT ANSWER- - to allow the plant to carry on growing if the tip of the main shoot
has been damaged or eaten
- can provide an additional source of leaves for photosynthesis (useful if the laterals are near
the ends of the main shoots)
,What is second crop? - CORRECT ANSWER- Lateral shoots often produce inflorescences,
which can be known as a 'second crop'
- Growth of laterals nearer the base of the main shoot can be undesirable as they impede air
flow and can shade the fruit too much
What is green harvesting? - CORRECT ANSWER- Removal of second crop during summer
Define one-year-old wood - CORRECT ANSWER- the main shoots from the last growing
season that were kept at pruning, supports compound buds; cane or spur
Define permanent wood - CORRECT ANSWER- woody parts of the vine that are older than
one year, including the trunk
where are most roots found? - CORRECT ANSWER- top 50cm of soil
what distinguishes PN clone 115? - CORRECT ANSWER- low yield, small grapes, good for
high quality of red wines
what distinguishes PN clone 521? - CORRECT ANSWER- high yield, bigger grapes, good
for sparkling wine production
When is leaf fall and dormancy? - CORRECT ANSWER- Nov-March
When is budburst? - CORRECT ANSWER- March-April
When is shoot and leaf growth? - CORRECT ANSWER- March-July
When is flowering and fruit set? - CORRECT ANSWER- May-June
When is grape development? - CORRECT ANSWER- June-Oct
When is harvest? - CORRECT ANSWER- Sept-Oct
,How does the vine support itself during dormancy? - CORRECT ANSWER- starch in the
roots, trunk, and branches
Below what temp can vines be severly damaged? die? - CORRECT ANSWER- -15C, -25C
What factors determine the timing of budburst? - CORRECT ANSWER- - air temp (>10C)
- soil temp (higher encourages earlier budburst)
- variety
- human factors (e.g. winter pruning late -> later budburst)
Why is high continentality good for budburst? - CORRECT ANSWER- marked differences
in temp can result in uniform budburst
what determines the vigor of a vine? - CORRECT ANSWER- rate of shoot growth
when does the fastest rate of shoot growth typically occur? - CORRECT ANSWER- between
budburst and flowering
what could cause low carb levels in roots, trunk, and branches? - CORRECT ANSWER- -
excessive leaf removal
- water stress
- high crop loads in prev season
what can slow initial shoot growth rates? - CORRECT ANSWER- low carb levels
what supports shoot growth in later stages? - CORRECT ANSWER- photosynthesis
at what point of the vine growing cycle is water stress not desired? - CORRECT ANSWER-
late stages of shoot growth (can affect photosynthesis)
what can stunted shoot growth lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER- - weak shoots
, - reduction in leaf number/smaller leaves
- inflorescences that do not flower properly
what can limit bud fruitfulness? - CORRECT ANSWER- - low temp (<25C)
- water stress
- shading
- nutrient deficiency
how long after budburst does flowering typically take place? - CORRECT ANSWER- 8
weeks (temp dependent)
why are warm conditions (>17C) desired during flowering? - CORRECT ANSWER- speeds
up flowering (occurs within a few days)
what % of flowers become grapes typically? - CORRECT ANSWER- 30%
what temp does pollen germination require? - CORRECT ANSWER- 26-32C
what negatively affects pollen tube growth? - CORRECT ANSWER- wind, rain, cold temps;
wind, water stress, hot temps
define coulure - CORRECT ANSWER- A condition of the grape bunch in which fruit set has
failed for a high proportion of flowers. This occurs when ovule fertilisation is unsuccessful,
and therefore no grape develops.
what causes coulure? - CORRECT ANSWER- imbalance in carb levels due to:
- low photosynthesis rates
- vigorous shoot growth diverting carbs (very fertile soils, vigorous rootstocks)
define millerandange - CORRECT ANSWER- A condition of the grape bunch in which there
is a high proportion of seedless grapes.
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