100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
NUR 425, Neuro Part 1 Review Questions and Correct Answers $8.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

NUR 425, Neuro Part 1 Review Questions and Correct Answers

 6 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • NUR 425
  • Institution
  • NUR 425

Autonomic nervous system and main neurotransmitters Sympathetic- norepinephrine Parasympathetic- acetylcholine First indicator that neurological functioning has declined Decreased LOC Levels of consciousness Alert: awake and responsive Lethargic: drowsy or sleepy but easily awakened (Obt...

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 5  pages

  • September 9, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR 425
  • NUR 425
avatar-seller
twishfrancis
NUR 425, Neuro Part 1 Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Autonomic nervous system and main neurotransmitters ✅Sympathetic- norepinephrine
Parasympathetic- acetylcholine

First indicator that neurological functioning has declined ✅Decreased LOC

Levels of consciousness ✅Alert: awake and responsive
Lethargic: drowsy or sleepy but easily awakened
(Obtunded: only stays awake when stimulation is actively occurring)
Stuporous: arousable only with vigorous or painful stimuli
Comatose: unconscious/cannot be aroused

Decorticate posturing ✅Everything drawn in toward the "core"; arms are drawn in
toward chest (flexed at elbows); late sign of brainstem dysfunction

Decerebrate posturing ✅Upper and lower extremities are extended, wrists are flexed,
and neck is extended (and toes fanned out?); late sign of brainstem dysfunction

GCS decrease ✅A decrease of 2 or more points is clinically significant and should be
communicated to the HCP immediately

Wherever a spinal cord injury is... ✅Anything below that level will be affected (function
may be altered or completely lost)

Cervical spine injury C4 or above ✅Risk for decreased spontaneous respiration

Complete vs incomplete spinal cord injury ✅Complete- loss of all voluntary movement
and sensation below level of injury (lesion damage entire diameter of cord is severed)
Incomplete- partial or varying losses below level of injury (lesion damage partial
diameter of cord)

Primary vs secondary mechanisms of injury ✅Primary- injury directly to the spinal cord
(hyperflexion, hyperextension, compression, rotation, penetrating trauma, etc.)
Secondary- injury occurred because of something else (hemorrhage, ischemia,
hypovolemia, edema)
-swelling, etc. makes the tissue not get enough blood flow

Primary intervention for spinal cord injury ✅Stabilize the site immediately (stabilize C-
spine)
-stabilize head with collar, hands, or sandbags; stabilize spine on a board

, -cannot take off devices until spine is cleared

Hold C-spine ✅Holding the patient's neck still so they can't move their head; put your
palms on their ears; if you need to turn them, do a log roll (would need at least 2 people
for this, as one person must hold the C-spine)
-don't try to talk to patients with potential spinal cord injuries unless you're directly above
them (they may try to turn and look at you)

Management of spinal cord injury ✅Respiratory issues are first priority, then
cardiovascular; also assess neurological functioning, sensory/motor ability, and GI/GU
systems

If anything at or above T6 is injured... ✅The chest wall muscles won't work as they
should
-breathing won't be as effective
-patient's body will fatigue quickly because only the diaphragm is working to breathe
-patient at risk for respiratory complications and pulmonary embolus during the first 5
days after injury

Desired blood pressure for perfusion ✅MAP of 60; systolic at or above 90

Proprioception ✅Knowing where your body parts are in space

Lack of impulses to bowel ✅Rectum loses its tone (becomes relaxed if it loses
innervation/impulses); may have bowel incontinence if there is fecal matter in the
rectum
-peristalsis will also stop, so patients are at risk for bowel obstruction (paralytic ileus) or
constipation

Lack of impulses to bladder ✅The bladder requires an impulse to empty, so it cannot
be emptied independently if it loses innervation/impulses; patients with spinal injuries
may have a permanent cath or may self-cath regularly

Priority drug for acute spinal cord injury ✅High doses of steroids as soon as possible
(specifically methylprednisolone)

Baclofen and tizanidine ✅Muscle relaxers; can cause drowsiness; can cause
psychosis (hallucinations) if withdrawn too quickly

Other medications for spinal cord injuries ✅Vasopressors (to increase BP), dextran (to
increase volume/BP), pain meds, DVT prophylaxis, stool softeners

Decompressive laminectomy ✅Removal of part of the laminae of the vertebrae, which
allows for swelling without compression of the spinal cord

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $8.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$8.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart