NUR 425 Exam 2 Test Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 425
Institution
NUR 425
When do you nasally suction a neonate? Before bed and before they eat
Atelectesis collapse of the lung
If the infant has a low Heart Rate, what is the best first intervention? give them oxygen
Breathing mechanics are affected by... compliance and resistance
What is compliance? measure of the ab...
NUR 425 Exam 2 Test Questions and
100% Correct Answers
When do you nasally suction a neonate? ✅Before bed and before they eat
Atelectesis ✅collapse of the lung
If the infant has a low Heart Rate, what is the best first intervention? ✅give them
oxygen
Breathing mechanics are affected by... ✅compliance and resistance
What is compliance? ✅measure of the ability of the lungs to stretch
What is resistance? ✅determined by size of the airway
**small airways increase risk of any condition that reduces airway size (which increases
resistance)
What are the cardinal manifestations of respiratory failure? ✅restlessness,
tachypnea/tachycardia, and diaphoresis (except in neonates)
What are early/less obvious signs and symptoms of respiratory failure?
✅anxiety/irritability, decreased LOC, hypertension, headache, change in respirations,
anorexia, nasal flaring, retractions, wheezing
What are more severe signs of respiratory failure or hypoxia? ✅hypotension, dimness
of vision, somnolence, stupor, coma, dyspnea, depressed respirations, bradycardia,
cyanosis
What are interventions for respiratory distress? ✅Depending on how bad: oxygen (via
nasal prongs or non-rebreather), open the airway, reposition, stimulation and suctioning
If respiratory distress is bad, what actions do you take? ✅Start CPR and call for help
What should you base your interventions off of? (respiratory distress) ✅clinical signs
and CONSIDER THEIR HISTORY
What are two methods used to assess the efficiency of gas transfer in the lung and
tissue oxygenation? ✅analysis of arterial Blood gases (ABGs) and pulse oximetry
,Why are ABGs measured? ✅oxygenation status and acid-base balance
What is important to know about PaO2? ✅decreases with advancing age. varies in
relation to distance above the sea lever (higher altitude=lower PaO2)
What is normal pH? (arterial) ✅7.35-7.45
What is the normal PaO2? (arterial) ✅80-100 mmHg
What is the normal SaO2? (arterial) ✅Greater than 95%
What is the normal PaCO2 (arterial) ✅35-45 mmHg
What is the normal HCO3-? (arterial) ✅22-26 mEq/L
Acid-base imbalance is not a _________ but a ________ ✅disease; symptoms of
underlying health problem
An increase in what leads to acidity? ✅Hydrogen ions
pH 1 to >7 ✅Acidic
pH >7 to 14 ✅alkaline
pH of 7 ✅neutral
What are the systems to regulate acid-base balance in order of time use? ✅Buffer
system, respiratory system, renal system
What do buffers do? ✅act chemically to change strong acids into weaker ones or bind
them to neutralize them
What does the buffer consist of? ✅a weak acid or base and its salt
Respiratory imbalance results from ✅the retention or an excess of CO2 altering
carbonic acid concentration
Metabolic imbalances affect ✅the base HCO3
Acidosis occurs when... ✅increase in carbonic acid or decrease in HCO3
Alkalosis occurs when... ✅decrease in carbonic acid or increase in HCO3
, How do you draw an ABG? ✅comes from arterial blood, can be a direct sick to the
artery (EXTREMELY PAINFUL)
How do you draw frequent ABGs? ✅arterial line
Who draws an ABG? ✅respiratory therapist
After suctioning, bent or oxygenation changes, how much time should you wait to obtain
an ABG? ✅20 minutes
How long should a suction time be if you want to take an ABG after? ✅Less than 15
seconds
What does the PaO2 tell us? ✅partial pressure of oxygen in the blood, how much
oxygen is in the blood
What does SaO2 tell us? ✅how much oxygen is attached to the hemoglobin
(oxyhemoglobin)
What does PaCO2 tell us? ✅How much Co2 is in the blood? Did enough/too much
CO2 get blown off by the lungs or is it building up?
What does HCO3 tell us? ✅How much bicarbonate is in the blood? How are the
kidneys working? Is there a metabolic issue?
What are the death ranges for pH ✅< 6.8 and > 7.8
What is the normal ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate? ✅1:20
Tell me about the buffer system? ✅fastest, immediate but low threshold
Tell me about the respiratory system? ✅moderate, effects within minutes, max effect in
24hrs, more sustainable but not long term
Tell me about the renal system ✅slowest, effects take days, but more sustainable
What is a disturbance? ✅something is wrong,either metabolic or respiratory source or
both
What is compensation? ✅sometimes the other system tries to help out, other system
MAY try to correct
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