CCRN: Drugs Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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CCRN: Drugs
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CCRN: Drugs
Side effects of Positive Pressure ventilation - 1. Increased intrathoracic pressure leads to
decreased venous return to the heart, decreasing stroke volume, and CO
Two types of ventilators - 1. Negative pressure ventilators- i.e iron lung
2. Positive pressure ventilators: hospital bedside ventil...
CCRN: Drugs
Side effects of Positive Pressure ventilation - 1. Increased intrathoracic pressure leads to
decreased venous return to the heart, decreasing stroke volume, and CO
Two types of ventilators - 1. Negative pressure ventilators- i.e iron lung
2. Positive pressure ventilators: hospital bedside ventilators, use positive pressure to force air into the
lungs by reversing normal breathing patterns.
Stimulates both adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors, lower doses are mainly dopaminergic
stimulating and produce renal and mesenteric vasodilation, higher doses also are both dopaminergic and
beta1-adrenergic stimulating and produce cardiac stimulation and renal vasodilation; large doses
stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors
Stroke Volume - 50-100 ml/beat
Cardiac Index - 2.5-4 l/min/m
PAOP - 8-12 mm hg
Dobutamine - Mechanism of Action
Dobutamine, a racemic mixture, stimulates myocardial beta1-adrenergic receptors, resulting in increased
contractility and heart rate, and stimulates both beta2- and alpha1-receptors in the vasculature.
Although beta2 and alpha1 adrenergic receptors are also activated, the effects of beta2 receptor
activation may equally offset or be slightly greater than the effects of alpha1 stimulation, resulting in
some vasodilation in addition to the inotropic and chronotropic actions
Beta 1 agonist/inotrope, with little beta II stimulation
Dose: 0.5-0.1 mcg/kg/min
, Nitroprusside - Mechanism of Action
Causes peripheral vasodilation by direct action on venous and arteriolar smooth muscle, thus reducing
peripheral resistance; will increase cardiac output by decreasing afterload; reduces aortal and left
ventricular impedance
Kerley B Lines - Lines found in the lower peripheral zone of the Chest xray, caused by pulmonary
edema and mycoplasma edema
Normal BNP - Less than 100 pg/mL
Normal Pulmonary Occlusive Wedge Pressure - 8-12, > 18 = LV failure -measurement of left
ventricular preload
Normal CVP - 0-5 > 10 = RV failure
Dopamine - Mechanism of Action
Serum Lactate - Measure of tissue hypoxia
Normal levels 1-2 mmoles
Normal MAP - 70-110 mm hg
SVR - 900-1300 dynes/sec/cm
CVP - Normal: 2-6, but if pt is mechanically ventilated, keep CVP between 8-12. Estimate of Right
Ventricular function
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