CCRN- Endocrine Concepts (Barron's) Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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Course
CCRN
Institution
CCRN
what are 3 treatments for DI? - 1) give ADH (pitressin, DDAVP), use cautiously in those with heart
disease, may cause coronary artery ischemia
2) give fluids to replenish intravascular volume
3) monitor urinary output/specific gravity
what is the pathophysiology of SIADH? (figure 10-1 pg 204) -...
what are 3 treatments for DI? - 1) give ADH (pitressin, DDAVP), use cautiously in those with heart
disease, may cause coronary artery ischemia
2) give fluids to replenish intravascular volume
3) monitor urinary output/specific gravity
what is the pathophysiology of SIADH? (figure 10-1 pg 204) - too much ADH--> water retention-->
decrease in serum Na+ (dilutional hyponatremia-CARDINAL SIGN); decreased urinary output; decreased
osmolality (hypo-osmolality)
measure of the number of particles in a solution; expressed as milliosmoles - serum osmolality
(osmolality of body fluids)
what is the normal osmolality of body fluids? - 275-295 mOsm/kg
(hypo-osmolar <275
hyper-osmolar >295)
true or false:
cell membranes are permeable to water, therefore serum osmo will affect the intracellular fluid (ICF)
osmo - true
note that serum sodium, BUN, and glucose each play a role in the calculation of serum osmolality.
2(Na+) + BUN/5 + glucose/20 = 275-295 mOsm/kg. According to the formula above, an increase in serum
sodium, BUN, and/or glucose will affect the serum osmo, increasing or decreasing the serum osmolality?
- increase
where is the hypothalamus located? - pituitary gland
, the endocrine "monitoring central" and regulates temperature, intake drives, autonomic nervous system
(sympathetic/parasympathetic) - hypothalamus
what two parts of the body release hormones that are NOT controlled by the hypothalamus? - 1)
pancreas
2) parathyroid
what are three things that the hypothalamus regulates? - 1) temperature
2) intake drives
3) autonomic nervous system (sympathetic/parasympathetic)
where is ADH formed? - hypothalamus
where is ADH stored? - posterior pituitary
this works on the distal convoluted and collecting tubule of kidney to REABSORB WATER (prevents
diuresis) and concentrates urine (normal urine osmolality (1.010-1.020) - ADH
what are 5 etiologies of SIADH? - 1) oat cell carcinoma (most common)
what is the biggest danger of hyponatremia?** - SEIZURE***
what are 4 treatments of SIADH? - 1) address etiology
-oat cell carcinoma, viral pneumonia, head problems
2) fluid restriction
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