UAFS physiology Cornell Final Exam
Review UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
ICF - CORRECT ANSWER- fluid inside the cell
ECF - CORRECT ANSWER- fluid outside the cell
Ions higher in the ICF - CORRECT ANSWER- K+ and proteins
Ions higher in the ECF - CORRECT ANSWER- - Plasma: Na+, Cl- and proteins
- Intersitial fluid: Na+ and Cl-
Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER- - active mechanism
- From ECF to ICF
- Large Molecule
- creates phagosome and uses pseudopods to "eat" molecules
Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER- - smaller molecule
- plasma membrane invaginates
- some are selective for specific ligand, (receptor mediated endocytosis)
Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER- - opposite of endocytosis
- Triggered by Ca+
- sent out in vesicles
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER- - passive; high to low concentration
- faster w/ shorter distances; decrease distance = increase D.R.
- Increase in gradient = increase in D.R.
, - Increase temp = increase in D.R.
- Inversely related to molecular size.
- increase in lipids= increase in D.R.
facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER- - uses channels or carrier to get across
membrane
- Goes down concentration gradients
- no energy input ( ex. GLUT transport)
Active transport - CORRECT ANSWER- - uses carrier proteins
- moves molecules against concentration gradients
- Requires energy, either directly or indirectly
primary (direct) active transport - CORRECT ANSWER- uses ATP directly for energy
Secondary (indirect) active transport - CORRECT ANSWER- uses potential energy stored in
concentration of one molecule to push another molecule against its gradient
What is resting membrane potential - CORRECT ANSWER- -70mV
What causes the resting membrane potential? - CORRECT ANSWER- This is when the cell
membrane is at rest. During this resting state the nerve cell has a negative electrical potential
of about -70 mV. It is the electrical disequilibrium between the ECF and ICF
Depolarization - CORRECT ANSWER- The process during the action potential when sodium
is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive/less negative
Repolarization - CORRECT ANSWER- Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry
of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell.
Hyperpolarization - CORRECT ANSWER- membrane potential becomes more negative
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