What is the general formula for a carbohydrate? - Cx(H2O)y
How do you determine the number of stereoisomers for a given carbohydrate? - 2^n where n= number of stereocenters
Distinguish between the D and L designations for carbohydrates. - In the L form the hydroxy group is on the bottom left ...
ACS Organic Chemistry Exam Study
Questions and Answers 2024 Graded A
.
POSSIBLEA 8/9/24 ACS
, ACS Organic Chemistry Exam
What is the general formula for a carbohydrate? - Cx(H2O)y
How do you determine the number of stereoisomers for a given carbohydrate? -
2^n where n= number of stereocenters
Distinguish between the D and L designations for carbohydrates. - In the L form
the hydroxy group is on the bottom left closest to the CH2OH group in the frame
of a Fischer projection
In the D form the OH is on the bottom right
What are anomers? - Diastereomers formed by the cyclization of carbohydrates
(*note they have different configurations at the new stereocenter-this is what
makes them diastereomers)
Distinguish between alpha and beta anomers. - beta anomers have the OH
belonging to the hemiacetal carbon equatorial
alpha anomers have the OH belonging to the hemiacetal carbon axial
What is the definition of mutarotation? - the process for which alpha and beta
anomers come to equilibrium (aqueous) in a specific ratio. It is the same ratio is
observed when you start with the alpha anomer in water versus the beta anomer in
water
What agent is most often used for complete oxidation of a carbohydrate? - HNO3
What kind of agents are used for selective or partial oxidation of carbohydrates? -
most commonly Br or some other MILD oxidative agent
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