PENNFOSTER COLLEGE Organic Chemistry ACS Final Exam Study Questions and Answers with Complete Solution 2024 PACKAGE DEAL!!

Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment - proposed that atoms consist of a tiny, massive, positive nucleus surrounded by electrons nucleus - contains all the positive charge and nearly all the mass of the atom James Chadwick - discovered the neutron cathode rays - move from negative electrode to...

ppm - (grams analyte/grams sample)x10^6 Molarity - moles analyte/liter of solution Volume Percent - (volume solute/volume soution)x100 Volume ppm - (volume solute/volume solution)x10^6 kilo- - 10^3 deci- - 10^-1 centi- - 10^-2 milli- - 10^-3 micro- - 10^-6 nano- - 10^-9 ...

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation - pH = pKa + log ([A-] / [HA]) FMOC Chemical Synthesis - Used in synthesis of a growing amino acid chain to a polystyrene bead. FMOC is used as a protecting group on the N-terminus. Salting Out (Purification) - Changes soluble protein to solid precipitate. Protein...

What is the D configuration of a sugar in a Fisher projection? - chyrol carbon furthest from the carboxyl group hydroxyl on right What is the L configuration of a sugar in a Fisher projection? - hydroxyl on left What is the difference between glycogen and amylopectin? - glycogen- has branch...

Metabolism (catabolism and anabolism) - Metabolism: sum of total chemical reactions in an organism, also the method by which cells extract and use energy from their environment. Catabolism: The process by which stored nutrients and ingested foods are converted to a usable form of energy. It prod...

ketone aldehyde carboxylic acid ester amide anhydride amine ether constitutional isomers same formula, different connectivity stereoisomers same formula, different spatial arrangement enantiomers non-superimposable mirror images diastereomers stereoisomers that...

Basicity rules - -strong base: unstable/reactive (ED groups) -weak base: stable (EW groups/more EN/bigger) Chair conformation - -more stable equitorial (slanted) -pointing up/pointing down=cis if both up -elimination: trans and diaxial Newman projection - -gauche: substituent groups adjacen...

sp, linear - Which is the correct hybridization state and geometry for the carbon atom in HCN? sp, linear sp2, trigonal planar sp3, tetrahedral None of the above This structure has one positive charge and one negative charge. - The following structure has been drawn without formal charges. Wh...

-al -ol or hydroxy- -one -oic acid -oate -ether or alkoxy- Iodo- or Bromo- etc. -amide Amino- or -amine - Aldehyde Alcohol Ketone Carboxylic acid Ester Ether Alkyl halides Amide Amine Constitutional Isomer - A compound with the same atoms but different atoms bonded to each othe...

Functional group: alkane Functional group: alkene Functional group: alkyne Functional group: benzene ring (phenyl) Functional group: amine Functional group: alcohol Functional group: ether Functional group: alkyl halide Functional group: thiol Functional group: al...

Alcohol - Ketone - Amine - Ether - Amide - Ester - functional groups - Alkyl - An alkane missing a hydrogen Aromatic compound - Cyclic, planar, with every atom of the aromatic ring having a p orbital, while obeying hackles rule of 4n+2 pi electrons Vinyl - Hydro...

What is the general formula for a carbohydrate? - Cx(H2O)y How do you determine the number of stereoisomers for a given carbohydrate? - 2^n where n= number of stereocenters Distinguish between the D and L designations for carbohydrates. - In the L form the hydroxy group is on the bottom left c...

C C A D B D B A C A B

O-H and N-H IR shift - 3400 cm⁻¹ C-H SP³ IR shift - cm⁻¹ C-H SP₂ IR shift - cm⁻¹ C-H SP IR Shift - 3300 cm⁻¹ 3x bond C-C IR shift - 2100 cm⁻¹ C=O IR shift - 1700 cm⁻¹ C=C and C-C aromatic IR shift - 1600 cm⁻¹ Aromatic C-C IR shift - 1500 cm⁻¹ HNMR...