BIOL 1P91 Exam Review UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
BIOL 1P91
Institution
BIOL 1P91
BIOL 1P91 Exam Review UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Origin of life - CORRECT ANSWER- earth is 4.5 billion years old
chemical and fossil evidence suggests life originated as early as 3.85 billion years ago
LUCA (last universal common ancestor) - CORRECT ANSWER- Has DNA, RNA, Protei...
BIOL 1P91 Exam Review UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Origin of life - CORRECT ANSWER- earth is 4.5 billion years old
chemical and fossil evidence suggests life originated as early as 3.85 billion years ago
LUCA (last universal common ancestor) - CORRECT ANSWER- Has DNA, RNA, Protein,
carbohydrates, and lipids
genetic information flows identically in all current living organisms on earth
stored in form of DNA and RNA
What comes first during the emergence of life? - CORRECT ANSWER- Need DNA to code
for proteins but need proteins to make DNA
RNA may have been first
Nucleic acid structure - CORRECT ANSWER- DNA and RNA are nucleic acids-polymers
consisting of nucleotides
Levels of DNA structure - CORRECT ANSWER- nucleotides - the building of DNA
Strand - a linear polymer strand of DNA
Double helix - the two strands of DNA
chromosomes
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER- Formed from nucleotides (A,G,C,T)
,Nucleotides composed of three components
Phosphate group
pentose sugar
- deoxyribose
- DNA - Deoxy ribonucleic acid
Nitrogenous base
Nucleotide number system - CORRECT ANSWER- sugar carbons are 1' to 5'
base attached to 1' carbon on sugar
Phosphate attached to 5' carbon on sugar
1' carbon is attached to the nitrogenous base
Hydroxyl - CORRECT ANSWER- reason that RNA has catalytic activity
makes DNA stable
5' phosphate, 3' blank
DNA strands - CORRECT ANSWER- nucleotides are covalently bonded
Phosphodiester bond
- phosphate group links 2 sugars
Backbone - formed from phosphates and sugars
Bases project away from backbone
directionality written 5' to 3'
DNA polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER- Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins
individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
can only synthesize 5' to 3'
Features of DNA - CORRECT ANSWER- Double stranded
, anti parallel strands
Right - handed helix (B DNA)
Sugar - phosphate backbone
bases on the inside (Hydrophobic)
Stabilized by H-Bonding
specific base pairing
approximately 10 bp per helical turn
DNA structure - CORRECT ANSWER- A pairs with T= 2 hydrogen bonds
C pairs with G = 3 hydrogen bonds
keeps width consistent
complementary DNA strands
antiparallel strands
one strand 5' to 3'
Chargaff's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER- [A]=[T] and [G]=[C], they pair up across from one
another forming two strands also called base pairing.
Major and Minor Grooves - CORRECT ANSWER- Grooves are revealed in the space-filing
model
major grooves are narrower
RNA - CORRECT ANSWER- Formed from nucleotides (A,G,C,U)
Nucleotides composed of three components:
- Phosphate group
- Pentose sugar
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