BIOL 1P91 Exam Review PASSED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
BIOL 1P91
Institution
BIOL 1P91
BIOL 1P91 Exam Review PASSED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Chromatids - CORRECT ANSWER- One half of a replicated chromosome. Each chromatid
contains one double helix of DNA.
binary fission - CORRECT ANSWER- A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled
organisms by which one cell div...
BIOL 1P91 Exam Review PASSED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Chromatids - CORRECT ANSWER- One half of a replicated chromosome. Each chromatid
contains one double helix of DNA.
binary fission - CORRECT ANSWER- A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled
organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size,
Prokaryotic cell division—splitting or dividing into two parts
Nucleoid - CORRECT ANSWER- The central region of a prokaryotic cell with no boundary
membrane separating it from the cytoplasm, where DNA replication and RNA transcription
occur.
origin of replication (ori) - CORRECT ANSWER- DNA sequence at which helicase unwinds
the DNA double helix and DNA polymerase binds to initiate DNA replication.
A specific region at which replication of a bacterial chromosome commences.
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER- Nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei that are
exact genetic copies of the parental nucleus.
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER- threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that
contain the genes
The nuclear unit of genetic information, consisting of a DNA molecule and associated
proteins
diploid or 2n - CORRECT ANSWER- An organism or cell with two copies of each type of
chromosome in its nucleus.
haploid or n - CORRECT ANSWER- An organism or cell with only one copy of each type of
chromosome in its nuclei.
ploidy - CORRECT ANSWER- The number of chromosome sets of a cell or species.
,sister chromatids - CORRECT ANSWER- One of two exact copies of a chromosome
duplicated during replication.
chromosome segregation - CORRECT ANSWER- The equal distribution of daughter
chromosomes to each of the two cells that result from cell division.
Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER- The first stage of the mitotic cell cycle, during which the
cell grows and replicates its DNA before undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis.
G1 phase of interphase - CORRECT ANSWER- the cell carries out its function and, in some
cases, grows.
S phase of interphase - CORRECT ANSWER- DNA replication and chromosome duplication
occur
G2 phase of interphase - CORRECT ANSWER- a brief gap in the cell cycle during which
cell growth continues and the cell prepares for mitosis (the fourth phase of the cell cycle; also
called M phase) and cytokinesis.
G 0 phase of interphase - CORRECT ANSWER- Cells that are not destined to divide
immediately enter a shunt from G1 called the G0 phase. In some cases, a cell in G0 may start
dividing again by re-entering G1.
Prophase - CORRECT ANSWER- The beginning phase of mitosis during which the
duplicated chromosomes within the nucleus condense from a greatly extended state into
compact, rodlike structures.
Nucleosome - CORRECT ANSWER- The basic structural unit of chromatin in eukaryotes,
consisting of DNA wrapped around a histone core.
Linker - CORRECT ANSWER- A short segment of DNA extending between one nucleosome
and the next in a eukaryotic chromosome
, mitotic spindle - CORRECT ANSWER- The complex of microtubules that orchestrate the
separation of chromosomes during mitosis.
Spindle poles - CORRECT ANSWER- One of the pair of centrosomes in a cell undergoing
mitosis from which bundles of microtubules radiate to form the part of the spindle from that
pole.
Prometaphase - CORRECT ANSWER- A transition period between prophase and metaphase
during which the microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to the kinetochores and the
chromosomes shuffle until they align in the centre of the cell.
kinetochore - CORRECT ANSWER- A specialized structure consisting of proteins attached
to a centromere that mediates the attachment and movement of chromosomes along the
mitotic spindle.
Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER- The phase of mitosis during which the spindle reaches
its final form and the spindle microtubules move the chromosomes into alignment at the
spindle midpoint.
Karyotype - CORRECT ANSWER- A characteristic of a species consisting of the shapes and
sizes of all of the chromosomes at metaphase.
Anophase - CORRECT ANSWER- The phase of mitosis during which the spindle separates
sister chromatids and pulls them to opposite spindle poles.
Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER- The final phase of mitosis, during which the spindle
disassembles, the chromosomes decondense, and the nuclei re-form.
Cytokenesis - CORRECT ANSWER- Division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells
following the nuclear division stage of mitosis.
Furrow in cytokenesis - CORRECT ANSWER- In cytokinesis, a groove that girdles the cell
and gradually deepens until it cuts the cytoplasm into two parts.
Cell plate - CORRECT ANSWER- In cytokinesis in plants, a new cell wall that forms
between the daughter nuclei and grows laterally until it divides the cytoplasm.
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