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PNB 2XB3 Questions and Answers | Latest Update 2024/2025
PNB 2XB3 Questions and Answers | Latest Update 2024/2025
[Show more]PNB 2XB3 Questions and Answers | Latest Update 2024/2025
[Show more]How many neurons are in the human brain? 
 ~~> about 100 billion 
What percentage of the brain do we use? 
 ~~> 100% 
What is the brain's power in watts? 
 ~~> 20 W 
What is the size of a typical neuron? 
 ~~> 10 um (cell body diameter) 
What is the most common neurotransmitter? 
 ~~>...
Preview 4 out of 76 pages
Add to cartHow many neurons are in the human brain? 
 ~~> about 100 billion 
What percentage of the brain do we use? 
 ~~> 100% 
What is the brain's power in watts? 
 ~~> 20 W 
What is the size of a typical neuron? 
 ~~> 10 um (cell body diameter) 
What is the most common neurotransmitter? 
 ~~>...
Merkell cells - 
 ~~> - slowly adapting 
 - 25% of mechanosensory afferents in hand 
 - highest spatial resolution 
 - edges, points, corners, curvature 
 - static indentation ** 
Meissener - 
 ~~> - rapidly adapting 
 -40% of mechanosensory innervation in hand 
 - skin motion, indentation, lo...
Preview 2 out of 13 pages
Add to cartMerkell cells - 
 ~~> - slowly adapting 
 - 25% of mechanosensory afferents in hand 
 - highest spatial resolution 
 - edges, points, corners, curvature 
 - static indentation ** 
Meissener - 
 ~~> - rapidly adapting 
 -40% of mechanosensory innervation in hand 
 - skin motion, indentation, lo...
What are the three ways in which the head can rotate in? 
 ~~> Yaw: z axis (saying no) 
 Pitch: y axis (saying yes) 
 Roll: x axis 
What are the semicircular canals filled with? 
 ~~> endolymph 
What is the vestibular labyrinth composed of? what are the functions of 
each? 
 ~~> - utricle ...
Preview 2 out of 7 pages
Add to cartWhat are the three ways in which the head can rotate in? 
 ~~> Yaw: z axis (saying no) 
 Pitch: y axis (saying yes) 
 Roll: x axis 
What are the semicircular canals filled with? 
 ~~> endolymph 
What is the vestibular labyrinth composed of? what are the functions of 
each? 
 ~~> - utricle ...
Sound waves are ___; compression is __ of a wave, rarefaction is ___ 
 ~~> longitudinal - move like a slinky; top; bottom 
Period 
 ~~> the time taken for one up-down cycle (wavelength) 
Wavelength 
 ~~> the distance b/w two peaks/an up-down cycle 
Universal wave equation 
 ~~> speed = d...
Preview 2 out of 11 pages
Add to cartSound waves are ___; compression is __ of a wave, rarefaction is ___ 
 ~~> longitudinal - move like a slinky; top; bottom 
Period 
 ~~> the time taken for one up-down cycle (wavelength) 
Wavelength 
 ~~> the distance b/w two peaks/an up-down cycle 
Universal wave equation 
 ~~> speed = d...
For an on-center ganglion cell, what causes it to maximally fire? 
 ~~> light in the center and darkness in the surround 
What is the spontaneous level of activity or baseline for a ganglion cell? 
 ~~> when the entire field is in the dark 
color opponency 
 ~~> the center and surround cone...
Preview 2 out of 9 pages
Add to cartFor an on-center ganglion cell, what causes it to maximally fire? 
 ~~> light in the center and darkness in the surround 
What is the spontaneous level of activity or baseline for a ganglion cell? 
 ~~> when the entire field is in the dark 
color opponency 
 ~~> the center and surround cone...
A-alpha conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 80-120 m/s 
A-beta conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 35-75 m/s 
A-delta conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 5-30 m/s 
C-fibers conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 0.5-2 m/s 
A-alpha axon diameter? 
 ~~> 13-20 microns 
A-beta axon diameter? 
 ~~> 6-12 microns 
A-delta axon...
Preview 3 out of 26 pages
Add to cartA-alpha conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 80-120 m/s 
A-beta conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 35-75 m/s 
A-delta conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 5-30 m/s 
C-fibers conduction velocity? 
 ~~> 0.5-2 m/s 
A-alpha axon diameter? 
 ~~> 13-20 microns 
A-beta axon diameter? 
 ~~> 6-12 microns 
A-delta axon...
dermatome - 
 ~~> the area of skin supplied by the sensory axons of a single spinal 
nerve 
dorsal horn - 
 ~~> the POSTERIOR column of grey matter in the spinal cord (shape 
differs depending on spinal segment) - contains SENSORY neuron cell 
bodies 
ventral horn - 
 ~~> the ANTERIOR co...
Preview 2 out of 13 pages
Add to cartdermatome - 
 ~~> the area of skin supplied by the sensory axons of a single spinal 
nerve 
dorsal horn - 
 ~~> the POSTERIOR column of grey matter in the spinal cord (shape 
differs depending on spinal segment) - contains SENSORY neuron cell 
bodies 
ventral horn - 
 ~~> the ANTERIOR co...
4 Sections of the spinal cord 
 ~~> 1. Cervical 
 2. Thoracic 
 3. Lumbar 
 4. Sacral 
A beta Fibers 
 ~~> Large sensory fibers involved in rapidly transmitting sensation. 
Responds to touch 
(around 50 m/s) 
A delta Fibers 
 ~~> Slower fiber that responds to sharp pain ( around 10m/s) 
C f...
Preview 4 out of 33 pages
Add to cart4 Sections of the spinal cord 
 ~~> 1. Cervical 
 2. Thoracic 
 3. Lumbar 
 4. Sacral 
A beta Fibers 
 ~~> Large sensory fibers involved in rapidly transmitting sensation. 
Responds to touch 
(around 50 m/s) 
A delta Fibers 
 ~~> Slower fiber that responds to sharp pain ( around 10m/s) 
C f...
Central Nervous System (CNS) 
 ~~> all parts of the nervous system within bone (spinal cord, brainstem, 
thalamus, cortex, etc) 
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 
 ~~> all parts not within bone (spinal nerves, cranial nerves) 
Cranial nerve 
 ~~> One of twelve pairs of nerves arising from t...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartCentral Nervous System (CNS) 
 ~~> all parts of the nervous system within bone (spinal cord, brainstem, 
thalamus, cortex, etc) 
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 
 ~~> all parts not within bone (spinal nerves, cranial nerves) 
Cranial nerve 
 ~~> One of twelve pairs of nerves arising from t...
Neuroscience 
 ~~> study of the neurons and nervous systems 
how many neurons are in the brain and what is the power of the brain 
 ~~> 100 billion neurons, and it is about 20W 
how large are neurons 
 ~~> 10 microns 
Central Nervous System (CNS) 
 ~~> all the parts within bone (spinal c...
Preview 4 out of 95 pages
Add to cartNeuroscience 
 ~~> study of the neurons and nervous systems 
how many neurons are in the brain and what is the power of the brain 
 ~~> 100 billion neurons, and it is about 20W 
how large are neurons 
 ~~> 10 microns 
Central Nervous System (CNS) 
 ~~> all the parts within bone (spinal c...
Mitosis 
 ~~> process of one cell dividing in two 
(Embryonic) Stem Cells 
 ~~> precursors to all types of cells 
Pluripotent 
 ~~> potential to become any type of cell 
Ectoderm 
 ~~> brain and skin (outer layer) 
Mesoderm 
 ~~> muscle, blood, bone, cartilage (middle layer) 
Germline...
Preview 2 out of 12 pages
Add to cartMitosis 
 ~~> process of one cell dividing in two 
(Embryonic) Stem Cells 
 ~~> precursors to all types of cells 
Pluripotent 
 ~~> potential to become any type of cell 
Ectoderm 
 ~~> brain and skin (outer layer) 
Mesoderm 
 ~~> muscle, blood, bone, cartilage (middle layer) 
Germline...
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