BIOMG Bundled Exam Questions Package with Correct Answers

histones - proteins that DNA wraps around to form chromatin and chromosomes condensins - protein complexes that form rings around DNA, organizing chromosomes into loops chromatin - any complex of DNA and protein found in a nucleus of a cell nucleosomes - structure that forms by winding of DNA a...

archaea - Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan bacteria - single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes eukaryotes - Cells that contain nuclei main characteristics of eukaryotic cells that prokaryotic cells don't have - - bound o...

Resolution - small dist b/t 2 pts can be distinguished; D = .61λ/Nsinα, want lower D; Light microscope 200nM Bright field microscopy - normal light type Phase-contrast - altered phase interference of unobstructed light; looks like cells are surrounded by light DIC - 3D looking cells Confoc...

ligand - a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger one (i.e., protein). For example, a hormone is the ligand for its specific protein receptor [a molecule bound reversibly by a protein. binding site - the location (crevice or pocket) on a receptor protein to which a ligand binds in...

1-5 um - average organelle size 25 nm - average ribosome size 0.1 nm - single hydrogen atom size 0.2 mm (200 micrometers) - resolution of unaided eye 0.2 um (200 nm) - resolution of light microscope 0.2 nm (2 A) - resolution of electron microscope Resolving power - Ability to distinguish 2 clo...

Describe the structure of a nucleotide. What is the difference in the structure between RNA and DNA? How are nucleotides connected in DNA? - pentose sugar phosphate group connected at the fifth carbon nitrogenous base connected at the first carbon OH at carbon 3 DNA has H at carbon 2 RNA has ...

Adenine - A purine base, forms a base pair with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA Guanine - Purine base that pairs with cytosine in DNA and RNA. Cytosine - Pyrimidine base that pairs with Guanine with DNA and RNA. Thymine - Pyrimidine base that pairs with Adenine in DNA. Uracil - Pyrimidin...

What are some common bonds? - 1) Ester bonds 2) Thioester bonds 3) Anhydride bonds 4) Phosphoanhydride bonds 5) Mixed-anhydride bonds What does a high energy bond mean? - The bonds release large amounts of energy when hydrolyzed Which of these are high energy bonds? 1) Ester bonds 2)...

bicoid - these genes encode cytoplasmic determinants in the anterior tip of the embryo syncytial blastoderm - the stage of embryonic development during which bicoid expression is significantly reduced syncytial blastoderm - stage of embryonic development in which nuclei move to the periphery o...

Bond between phosphate and sugar? - phosphodiester Bond between sugar and base? - glycosidic Non-covalent interactions? - H bonding, base stacking, electrostatic interactions Chargaff rules? - purine content = pyrimidine content adenine = thymine guanine = cytosine

What is the most important thing change in Gibbs free energy tells us? What does a negative value mean and what does a positive value mean? - how spontaneous a reaction is negative delta G = spontaneous, energy is released, exergonic positive delta G = non-spontaneous, energy is consumed, enderg...