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NHM 253 Final exam questions and answers
define buffering - protein molecules aid in resisting extreme pH shifts in food products 
define canning - food is heated after packed in can 
define carmallization - Application of heat to a carbohydrate (physical browning) 
define curing - high concentrations of salt added to foods for the purpose of preservation 
define fermentation - Growth of bacteria and/or yeast under conditions of limited to no available 
oxygen. MOs consume energy source and produce ethanol and carbon dioxide! 
• Ferm...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 4 pages •
define buffering - protein molecules aid in resisting extreme pH shifts in food products 
define canning - food is heated after packed in can 
define carmallization - Application of heat to a carbohydrate (physical browning) 
define curing - high concentrations of salt added to foods for the purpose of preservation 
define fermentation - Growth of bacteria and/or yeast under conditions of limited to no available 
oxygen. MOs consume energy source and produce ethanol and carbon dioxide! 
• Ferm...
Biology 253 Lab practical 1 questions with verified answers
Anterior interventricular sulcus - A branch of the left coronary artery that supplies muscles of each 
ventricle. 
Aorta - THE MAIN ARTERY, WHICH RECEIVES BLOOD FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND DELIVERS IT TO 
ALL THE OTHER ARTERIES THAT CARRY BLOOD TO THE TISSUES OF THE BODY. 
Aortic valve - Heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta. Opens to allow blood to leave the 
heart. 
Artery - A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. 
Basophils - *Release histamines, heparin and othe...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 4 pages •
Anterior interventricular sulcus - A branch of the left coronary artery that supplies muscles of each 
ventricle. 
Aorta - THE MAIN ARTERY, WHICH RECEIVES BLOOD FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND DELIVERS IT TO 
ALL THE OTHER ARTERIES THAT CARRY BLOOD TO THE TISSUES OF THE BODY. 
Aortic valve - Heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta. Opens to allow blood to leave the 
heart. 
Artery - A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. 
Basophils - *Release histamines, heparin and othe...
BIO 253 questions with answers
If you touch a hot stove with your hand, what sends a signal of pain to the CNS? - Receptors 
Injury to this cranial nerve causes a loss of taste sensation, decreased salivation, and difficulty in 
swallowing. What nerve would be damaged? - Glossopharyngeal 
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that leads to destruction of myelin in the Central Nervous 
System. Which nervous tissue cell would be most involved? 
Select one: 
Schwann cells 
Satellite cells 
Astrocytes 
Oligodendrocyte - Oli...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 3 pages •
If you touch a hot stove with your hand, what sends a signal of pain to the CNS? - Receptors 
Injury to this cranial nerve causes a loss of taste sensation, decreased salivation, and difficulty in 
swallowing. What nerve would be damaged? - Glossopharyngeal 
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that leads to destruction of myelin in the Central Nervous 
System. Which nervous tissue cell would be most involved? 
Select one: 
Schwann cells 
Satellite cells 
Astrocytes 
Oligodendrocyte - Oli...
NHM 253 Final exam review questions with verified answers
If crackers (aw=0.3, wc=4%) and fruits (aw=0.99, wc=90%) are placed in a sealed container, what is 
expected to happen after an equilibrium is reached? (wc, water content) - The aw of crackers and 
fruits will be the same 
. What happens to starch granules during the gelatinization? - The ordered structure of starch 
granules is disrupted 
. Which of the following phenomenon is a result of starch retrogradation? - Bread tends to stale 
rapidly in a refrigerator and becomes dry 
2 types of fermen...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 26 pages •
If crackers (aw=0.3, wc=4%) and fruits (aw=0.99, wc=90%) are placed in a sealed container, what is 
expected to happen after an equilibrium is reached? (wc, water content) - The aw of crackers and 
fruits will be the same 
. What happens to starch granules during the gelatinization? - The ordered structure of starch 
granules is disrupted 
. Which of the following phenomenon is a result of starch retrogradation? - Bread tends to stale 
rapidly in a refrigerator and becomes dry 
2 types of fermen...
MCB 253 Final Exam questions and verified answers
blocking buffers - Used to prevent nonspecific binding interactions between the antibodies and 
nitrocellulose membrane. Added after transfer to nitrocellulose before antibody staining. 
10X TBST: designed for washing the blots in between stains and 5%nonfat dried milk. 
bromophenol blue - ph marker. used to indicated when the protein reached the bottom of the 
electrophoresis 
Coomassie Blue - a dye that stains proteins blue and allows them to be visualized. it binds to arg, lys, 
his residues ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 6 pages •
blocking buffers - Used to prevent nonspecific binding interactions between the antibodies and 
nitrocellulose membrane. Added after transfer to nitrocellulose before antibody staining. 
10X TBST: designed for washing the blots in between stains and 5%nonfat dried milk. 
bromophenol blue - ph marker. used to indicated when the protein reached the bottom of the 
electrophoresis 
Coomassie Blue - a dye that stains proteins blue and allows them to be visualized. it binds to arg, lys, 
his residues ...
Bio 253 Exam 3 hondros questions and answers
_____ law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. - Boyle's 
A common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree is - acute 
bronchitis. Correct 
A right shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve due to increased partial pressure of carbon 
dioxide is also known as - the Bohr effect. Correct 
According to the law of partial pressures, the partial pressure of gas in a mixture of gases is - directly 
related to the concent...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 5 pages •
_____ law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. - Boyle's 
A common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree is - acute 
bronchitis. Correct 
A right shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve due to increased partial pressure of carbon 
dioxide is also known as - the Bohr effect. Correct 
According to the law of partial pressures, the partial pressure of gas in a mixture of gases is - directly 
related to the concent...
Bio 253 Exam #3 Practice Questions and answers
A rapid repolarization of the membrane caused by K+ leaving the cell occurs in ? - neurons, in 
contractile cardiac cells, and autorhythmic cardiac cells 
asynchronous recruitment of skeletal muscle - slows the onset of fatigue 
blood in the venae cavae flows into the _____. - right atrium 
capillary exchange is facilitated by - large surface area of capillaries 
creatine phosphate is an important source of skeletal muscle ATP because - it is catalyzed in the 
presence of ADP to produce creatine...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 3 pages •
A rapid repolarization of the membrane caused by K+ leaving the cell occurs in ? - neurons, in 
contractile cardiac cells, and autorhythmic cardiac cells 
asynchronous recruitment of skeletal muscle - slows the onset of fatigue 
blood in the venae cavae flows into the _____. - right atrium 
capillary exchange is facilitated by - large surface area of capillaries 
creatine phosphate is an important source of skeletal muscle ATP because - it is catalyzed in the 
presence of ADP to produce creatine...
BIO 253: Exam 5 Review (Ch. 12-14 Questions with accurate verified answers
1. convey sensory and motor impulses 
2. information integration - spinal cord functions 
100 million - how many neurons does the spinal cord have 
12 - how many cranial nerves are there? 
31 - how many pairs of spinal cord nerves are there? 
85 billion - how many neurons does the brain have 
a fibers - the largest diameter axons (5-20 um) and are myelinated. these fibers have a brief absolute 
refractory period and conduction nerve impulses at a speed of 12-130 m/sec. the axons of sensory 
neur...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 28 pages •
1. convey sensory and motor impulses 
2. information integration - spinal cord functions 
100 million - how many neurons does the spinal cord have 
12 - how many cranial nerves are there? 
31 - how many pairs of spinal cord nerves are there? 
85 billion - how many neurons does the brain have 
a fibers - the largest diameter axons (5-20 um) and are myelinated. these fibers have a brief absolute 
refractory period and conduction nerve impulses at a speed of 12-130 m/sec. the axons of sensory 
neur...
Bio 253 Questions with Accurate and Verified Aswers
2 agranulocyte (WBC's) - 1. lymphocyte - (think lymph node) antibodies 
2. monocytes - largest, phagocytes 
2 mechanisms for 02 transport - 1. combines with hemoglobin and makes oxyhemoglobin (most 
important) 
2. dissolves 02 in plasma 
3 granulocyte (WBC's) - 1. neutrophil - most active phagocyte 
2. basophils - histamine/ heparin 
3. eosinophil - parasitic worm 
3 mechanisms for C02 transport - 1. 70% carried in plasma as bicarbonate 
2. 20% combined with NH2 (amine) of hemoglobin and other...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 7 pages •
2 agranulocyte (WBC's) - 1. lymphocyte - (think lymph node) antibodies 
2. monocytes - largest, phagocytes 
2 mechanisms for 02 transport - 1. combines with hemoglobin and makes oxyhemoglobin (most 
important) 
2. dissolves 02 in plasma 
3 granulocyte (WBC's) - 1. neutrophil - most active phagocyte 
2. basophils - histamine/ heparin 
3. eosinophil - parasitic worm 
3 mechanisms for C02 transport - 1. 70% carried in plasma as bicarbonate 
2. 20% combined with NH2 (amine) of hemoglobin and other...
MCB 253 Final Questions and Correct Answers
Anode, cathode - Anode (+) membrane <--- cathode (-) gel. 
B-metacaptoethonol - breaks disulfide linkages 
Blocking buffer. Types? - Used to prevent nonspecific binding interactions between the antibodies 
and nitrocellulose membrane. Added after transfer to nitrocellulose before antibody staining. 
10X TBST: designed for washing the blots in between stains and 5%nonfat dried milk. 
Bromophenol blue - PH marker 
Continous gel - gel and tank buffers are the same, single phase gel. Examples are...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 5 pages •
Anode, cathode - Anode (+) membrane <--- cathode (-) gel. 
B-metacaptoethonol - breaks disulfide linkages 
Blocking buffer. Types? - Used to prevent nonspecific binding interactions between the antibodies 
and nitrocellulose membrane. Added after transfer to nitrocellulose before antibody staining. 
10X TBST: designed for washing the blots in between stains and 5%nonfat dried milk. 
Bromophenol blue - PH marker 
Continous gel - gel and tank buffers are the same, single phase gel. Examples are...