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Sophia Introduction to Statistics Unit 3 Milestone
Satara was having fun playing poker. She needed the next two cards dealt to be hearts so she could make a flush (five cards of the same suit). There are 10 cards left in the deck, and three are hearts. 
What is the probability that the two cards dealt to Satara (without replacement) will both be hearts? Answer choices are in percentage format, rounded to the nearest whole number. 
2
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 17 pages •
Satara was having fun playing poker. She needed the next two cards dealt to be hearts so she could make a flush (five cards of the same suit). There are 10 cards left in the deck, and three are hearts. 
What is the probability that the two cards dealt to Satara (without replacement) will both be hearts? Answer choices are in percentage format, rounded to the nearest whole number. 
2
Sophia Introduction to Statistics Unit 4 Milestone 4,
Sophia Introduction to Statistics Unit 4 Milestone 4,
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 16 pages •
Sophia Introduction to Statistics Unit 4 Milestone 4,
Sophia Introduction to Statistics Unit 5 Milestone 5,
If we first note the denominator of 
Then, getting the z-score we can note it is 
This tells us that 36.1 is 2.83 standard deviations above the value of 36. 
Note that when you round some values you may get slightly different results, but the results should be relatively 
close to this final calculated value. 
CONCEPT 
Z-Test for Population Means 
2 
Emile has calculated a one-tailed z-statistic of -1.97 and wants to see if it is significant at the 5% significance 
level. 
What is the critical v...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 23 pages •
If we first note the denominator of 
Then, getting the z-score we can note it is 
This tells us that 36.1 is 2.83 standard deviations above the value of 36. 
Note that when you round some values you may get slightly different results, but the results should be relatively 
close to this final calculated value. 
CONCEPT 
Z-Test for Population Means 
2 
Emile has calculated a one-tailed z-statistic of -1.97 and wants to see if it is significant at the 5% significance 
level. 
What is the critical v...
Sophia Introduction to Statistics Unit 5 Milestone 5....
If we go to the chart and the row for the z-column for -1.5 and then the column 0, this value corresponds to 
0.0668 or 0.067. 
CONCEPT 
How to Find a P-Value from a Z-Test Statistic 
3 
Sukie interviewed 125 employees at her company and discovered that 21 of them planned to take an extended 
vacation next year. 
What is the standard error of the sample proportion? Answer choices are rounded to the thousandths 
place. 
0.080 
0.015 
0.532 
0.033 
RATIONALE 
We can note the SE of the proportion i...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 23 pages •
If we go to the chart and the row for the z-column for -1.5 and then the column 0, this value corresponds to 
0.0668 or 0.067. 
CONCEPT 
How to Find a P-Value from a Z-Test Statistic 
3 
Sukie interviewed 125 employees at her company and discovered that 21 of them planned to take an extended 
vacation next year. 
What is the standard error of the sample proportion? Answer choices are rounded to the thousandths 
place. 
0.080 
0.015 
0.532 
0.033 
RATIONALE 
We can note the SE of the proportion i...
Sophia Introduction to Statistics Unit 5 Milestone 5..
RATIONALE 
Using the z-chart to construct an 88% CI, this means that there is 6% for each tail. The lower tail would be at 0.06 
and the upper tail would be at (1 - 0.06) or 0.94. The closest to 0.94 on the z-table is between 0.9394 and 0.9406. 
7/2/2020 Sophia :: Welcome 

0.9394 corresponds with a z-score of 1.55. 
0.9406 corresponds with a z-score of 1.56. 
Taking the average of these two scores, we get a z-score of 1.555. 
CONCEPT 
Confidence Intervals 
3 
A market research company conducted...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 22 pages •
RATIONALE 
Using the z-chart to construct an 88% CI, this means that there is 6% for each tail. The lower tail would be at 0.06 
and the upper tail would be at (1 - 0.06) or 0.94. The closest to 0.94 on the z-table is between 0.9394 and 0.9406. 
7/2/2020 Sophia :: Welcome 

0.9394 corresponds with a z-score of 1.55. 
0.9406 corresponds with a z-score of 1.56. 
Taking the average of these two scores, we get a z-score of 1.555. 
CONCEPT 
Confidence Intervals 
3 
A market research company conducted...
Sophia Introduction to Statistics Unit 5 Milestone 5
Recall that we have n = 7, so the df = n-1 = 6. So if we go to the 
row where df = 7 and then 0.025 for the tail probability, this gives us a value of 2.447 or 2.45. Recall that a 95% 
confidence interval would have 5% for the tails, so 2.5% for each tail. 
We can also use the last row and find the corresponding confidence level (see 95%). 
CONCEPT 
How to Find a Critical T Value 
5 
A market research company conducted a survey of two groups of students from different schools. They found that 
s...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 22 pages •
Recall that we have n = 7, so the df = n-1 = 6. So if we go to the 
row where df = 7 and then 0.025 for the tail probability, this gives us a value of 2.447 or 2.45. Recall that a 95% 
confidence interval would have 5% for the tails, so 2.5% for each tail. 
We can also use the last row and find the corresponding confidence level (see 95%). 
CONCEPT 
How to Find a Critical T Value 
5 
A market research company conducted a survey of two groups of students from different schools. They found that 
s...
Sophia Introduction to Statistics Unit One Milestone One
A trainer is studying the effects of vitamin D on his athletes. He has realized that there are many potential 
confounding factors, such as gender and age. To limit the effect of these confounding variables, he decided to 
first group two athletes together based on these variables (for example, two 21-year-old males). Then he 
randomly assigned one person to receive the vitamin D and the other to receive a sugar pill. 
What type of experimental design does this situation demonstrate? 
Completely...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 21 pages •
A trainer is studying the effects of vitamin D on his athletes. He has realized that there are many potential 
confounding factors, such as gender and age. To limit the effect of these confounding variables, he decided to 
first group two athletes together based on these variables (for example, two 21-year-old males). Then he 
randomly assigned one person to receive the vitamin D and the other to receive a sugar pill. 
What type of experimental design does this situation demonstrate? 
Completely...
Sophia Macroeconomics Milestone 1
RATIONALE 
Since the mean uses the actual values in the data, it is most affected by outliers and skewness. So, we only want 
to use the mean when the data is symmetric as a measure of centrality. When the data is skewed, the median is a 
better measure. 
CONCEPT 
Measures of Center 
3 
A fast-food restaurant gave a “Customer Satisfaction Survey” in which 1500 customers rated how satisfied they 
were with service. The results are shown below as a table. 
Rating Frequency 
Extremely Satisfied...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 22 pages •
RATIONALE 
Since the mean uses the actual values in the data, it is most affected by outliers and skewness. So, we only want 
to use the mean when the data is symmetric as a measure of centrality. When the data is skewed, the median is a 
better measure. 
CONCEPT 
Measures of Center 
3 
A fast-food restaurant gave a “Customer Satisfaction Survey” in which 1500 customers rated how satisfied they 
were with service. The results are shown below as a table. 
Rating Frequency 
Extremely Satisfied...
Sophia IT 1500 Unit 2 Milestone Introduction To Information Technology Sophia Course
All of the following data types are classified as text, EXCEPT: 
 
Royal blue 
 
 
 
Indianapolis 46060 
 
April 7, 1985 
RATIONALE 
"Indianapolis 46060," "," and "Royal blue" are text. "April 7, 1985" is 
classified as a date/time. 
CONCEPT 
Designing a Database 
2 
When Charlie attaches a file to an email message, the computer's __________ is 
responsible for managing his access to the location where the file is stored. 
 
operating system 
 
hardware 
 
administr...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 10 pages •
All of the following data types are classified as text, EXCEPT: 
 
Royal blue 
 
 
 
Indianapolis 46060 
 
April 7, 1985 
RATIONALE 
"Indianapolis 46060," "," and "Royal blue" are text. "April 7, 1985" is 
classified as a date/time. 
CONCEPT 
Designing a Database 
2 
When Charlie attaches a file to an email message, the computer's __________ is 
responsible for managing his access to the location where the file is stored. 
 
operating system 
 
hardware 
 
administr...
Sophia IT Milestone 3 - UNIT 3.
Gilbert is an independent consultant who helps organizations select the right accounting 
software for their needs. After evaluating a local nonprofit organization, Gilbert 
recommended an accounting software package that he believes meets specifications, 
secures documents, and satisfies user requirements. 
Gilbert did not tell his client that he owns a 25% share in the business that developed the 
software, and that he will benefit if the organization decides to purchase the software he 
recom...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 10 pages •
Gilbert is an independent consultant who helps organizations select the right accounting 
software for their needs. After evaluating a local nonprofit organization, Gilbert 
recommended an accounting software package that he believes meets specifications, 
secures documents, and satisfies user requirements. 
Gilbert did not tell his client that he owns a 25% share in the business that developed the 
software, and that he will benefit if the organization decides to purchase the software he 
recom...