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Exam (elaborations) Honors Biology
prokaryote️️organism without a nucleus, usually unicellular 
eukaryote️️organism with a nucleus 
plasma membrane️️flexible, selectively permeable membrane, controls what enters and leaves 
the cell 
cell wall️️structure provides support and protection for the cell 
nucleus️️structure that houses cells genetic info (control center!) 
chloroplasts️️plastid with chlorophyll in plants that photosynthesis 
golgi bodies️️organelle serves to PROCESS and PACKAGE lipids and pr...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 4 pages •
prokaryote️️organism without a nucleus, usually unicellular 
eukaryote️️organism with a nucleus 
plasma membrane️️flexible, selectively permeable membrane, controls what enters and leaves 
the cell 
cell wall️️structure provides support and protection for the cell 
nucleus️️structure that houses cells genetic info (control center!) 
chloroplasts️️plastid with chlorophyll in plants that photosynthesis 
golgi bodies️️organelle serves to PROCESS and PACKAGE lipids and pr...
Exam (elaborations) Honors Biology
What are the characteristics of living things?️️Response to Surroundings, reproduction, growth 
and development, DNA, obtain and use energy, and cell organization 
What are the three parts of the cell theory?️️All living organisms are composed of cells, the 
cell is the basic unit of life, and cells arise from pre-existing cells. 
What are the levels of organization of living things?️️Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ 
systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, a...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 8 pages •
What are the characteristics of living things?️️Response to Surroundings, reproduction, growth 
and development, DNA, obtain and use energy, and cell organization 
What are the three parts of the cell theory?️️All living organisms are composed of cells, the 
cell is the basic unit of life, and cells arise from pre-existing cells. 
What are the levels of organization of living things?️️Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ 
systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, a...
Exam (elaborations) Honors Biology
Know the characteristics of prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes and the kingdoms that fall under each 
category.️️prokaryotic - (single-celled, 3.5byo, smaller, no nucleus/membrane-bound 
organelles, Archaebacteria & Eubacteria) 
eukaryotic - (mostly multicellular (except for some protists), 1.5byo, larger, have nucleus and 
membrane-bound organelles, Plants, Fungi, Protists, Animals) 
What is a change in gene frequency of a population over time due to natural 
selection?️️Evolution 
Evolution oc...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 17 pages •
Know the characteristics of prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes and the kingdoms that fall under each 
category.️️prokaryotic - (single-celled, 3.5byo, smaller, no nucleus/membrane-bound 
organelles, Archaebacteria & Eubacteria) 
eukaryotic - (mostly multicellular (except for some protists), 1.5byo, larger, have nucleus and 
membrane-bound organelles, Plants, Fungi, Protists, Animals) 
What is a change in gene frequency of a population over time due to natural 
selection?️️Evolution 
Evolution oc...
Exam (elaborations) Honors Biology
autotroph️️organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce 
its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer 
biosphere️️part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere 
community️️assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area 
consumer️️organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called 
a heterotroph 
ecology️️scientific study of interac...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 23 pages •
autotroph️️organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce 
its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer 
biosphere️️part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere 
community️️assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area 
consumer️️organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called 
a heterotroph 
ecology️️scientific study of interac...
Exam (elaborations) Honors Biology
biology️️the science of life 
cells️️basic unit of structure/function in all living things 
tissue️️groups of specialized cells 
species️️group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile 
offspring 
stimulus️️part of internal/external environment that causes a reaction in an organism 
homeostasis️️regulation of an organism's internal conditions to maintain life 
adaptation️️inherited characteristic resulting from changes to species over time 
science️️body o...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 5 pages •
biology️️the science of life 
cells️️basic unit of structure/function in all living things 
tissue️️groups of specialized cells 
species️️group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile 
offspring 
stimulus️️part of internal/external environment that causes a reaction in an organism 
homeostasis️️regulation of an organism's internal conditions to maintain life 
adaptation️️inherited characteristic resulting from changes to species over time 
science️️body o...
Exam (elaborations) Honors Biology
mitochondria️️the "powerhouse" of the cell, which transforms sugar into useful energy is 
called 
cytoskeleton️️the system that helps the cell to maintain its shape and structural integrity is 
organ system️️a group of organs that work together to complete the life function is called 
pinocytosis️️the movement of bulk fluids across the cell membrane is called 
active transport️️the use of cellular energy to transport material across the cell membrane 
mitochondrion️️whi...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 10 pages •
mitochondria️️the "powerhouse" of the cell, which transforms sugar into useful energy is 
called 
cytoskeleton️️the system that helps the cell to maintain its shape and structural integrity is 
organ system️️a group of organs that work together to complete the life function is called 
pinocytosis️️the movement of bulk fluids across the cell membrane is called 
active transport️️the use of cellular energy to transport material across the cell membrane 
mitochondrion️️whi...
Exam (elaborations) Histology
what is the workflow for histology (7)️️1) specimen collection 
2) grossing 
3) fixation 
4) processing 
5) embedding 
6) microtomy 
7) routine staining 
how are specimens received?️️they are removed from the body and sent to receiving area 
of the lab 
-in specimen container 
-if the specimen is sent fresh and no fixed they are in saline or saline gauze 
characteristics of a specimen container (5)️️-leak proof, screw cap lid 
-fixative or saline inside 
-wide mouth 
-WHMIS label 
-p...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 24 pages •
what is the workflow for histology (7)️️1) specimen collection 
2) grossing 
3) fixation 
4) processing 
5) embedding 
6) microtomy 
7) routine staining 
how are specimens received?️️they are removed from the body and sent to receiving area 
of the lab 
-in specimen container 
-if the specimen is sent fresh and no fixed they are in saline or saline gauze 
characteristics of a specimen container (5)️️-leak proof, screw cap lid 
-fixative or saline inside 
-wide mouth 
-WHMIS label 
-p...
Exam (elaborations) Biology
Questions 
1. What are the basic properties of life that biologists use to define living organisms? 
2. Why is it challenging to come up with a precise definition of life? 
3. How do unicellular and multicellular organisms differ in terms of their 
organization? 
4. What is metabolism, and how is it categorized into anabolism and catabolism? 
5. What does homeostasis mean, and why is it important for living organisms? 
6. How do living organisms grow, and what role does cell division play in gro...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 7 pages •
Questions 
1. What are the basic properties of life that biologists use to define living organisms? 
2. Why is it challenging to come up with a precise definition of life? 
3. How do unicellular and multicellular organisms differ in terms of their 
organization? 
4. What is metabolism, and how is it categorized into anabolism and catabolism? 
5. What does homeostasis mean, and why is it important for living organisms? 
6. How do living organisms grow, and what role does cell division play in gro...
Exam (elaborations) Biology
14.How does the concept of "organization" relate to the complexity of living 
organisms? 
15.Why might some definitions of life include the ability to move, while others do 
not? 
16.How do the processes of anabolism and catabolism contribute to an organism’s 
survival? 
17.What are some examples of organisms that exhibit extreme adaptations for 
maintaining homeostasis? 
18.How does cellular division contribute to the growth of multicellular organisms? 
19.What are some examples of asexual ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 4 pages •
14.How does the concept of "organization" relate to the complexity of living 
organisms? 
15.Why might some definitions of life include the ability to move, while others do 
not? 
16.How do the processes of anabolism and catabolism contribute to an organism’s 
survival? 
17.What are some examples of organisms that exhibit extreme adaptations for 
maintaining homeostasis? 
18.How does cellular division contribute to the growth of multicellular organisms? 
19.What are some examples of asexual ...
Exam (elaborations) Rcis
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output? 
A. CO = PA -1SVC 
B. CO = AO x PA 
C. CO = HR x SV️️C. CO = HR x SV 
Stroke Volume is? 
A. Related to preload 
B. Related to afterload 
C. The same as ejection fraction️️A. Related to preload 
Preload is most impacted by? 
A. Mean arterial pressure 
B. Increased filling volumes 
C. Ejection fraction️️B. Increased filling volumes 
A patient with chronic untreated hypertension would demonstrate? 
A. Increased afterload 
B. Decreased ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 55 pages •
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output? 
A. CO = PA -1SVC 
B. CO = AO x PA 
C. CO = HR x SV️️C. CO = HR x SV 
Stroke Volume is? 
A. Related to preload 
B. Related to afterload 
C. The same as ejection fraction️️A. Related to preload 
Preload is most impacted by? 
A. Mean arterial pressure 
B. Increased filling volumes 
C. Ejection fraction️️B. Increased filling volumes 
A patient with chronic untreated hypertension would demonstrate? 
A. Increased afterload 
B. Decreased ...