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This chapter provides a brief introduction to propositional epistemic logic and its applications to epistemology. No previous exposure to epis- temic logic is assumed. Epistemic-logical topics discussed include the lan- guage and semantics of basic epistemic logic, multi-agent epistemic logic, combined epistemic-doxastic logic, and a glimpse of dynamic epistemic logic. Epistemological topics discussed include Moore-paradoxical phe- nomena, the surprise exam paradox, logical omniscien...

Point Zero - Brings whole body into balance. Shen Men - Tranquilizes the mind. Alleviates stress, pain, tension, anxiety, depression & insomnia. Sympathetic Autonomic Point - Balances sympathetic nervous system & Improves blood circulation. Allergy Point - General reduction in inflammatory reactions associated with allergies, arthritis & asthma. Thalamus Point - Reduces acute & chronic pain, anxiety, depression, nausea & hypertension. Endocrine Point (Internal Secretion) - Balances endo...

Scars improperly healed can constitute an impediment/blockage to healing. In fact they can be the whole cause of a metabolic dysfunction, pain, mental or emotional disorders. Always ask patients for any history of accidents, operations, tooth extractions (did they heal quickly?) cuts or scars. The slow to heal ones are more often the cause of blockage but not the only cause. Point R, Point Zero, Laterality and Point E, First Rib is also implicated in blockages to healing. This article ...

Immunology and serology is an advanced science dealing with how the human immune system organized, function and the different types of serological techniques. It is a very vast subject covering a wide area of technology. The shortage of reference materials in the area and in order to present the subject in a relatively simplified and organized way called the need for preparing a lecture note. This teaching material is prepared based on the existing curriculum of immunology and s...

Incineration: The specific requirements regarding norms of combustion efficiency and emission level have been defined in BMW rules 1998. z Suitably designed pollution control devices should be installed. z Incinerator should be certified from pollution control board. z In case of small hospitals, joint facilities for incineration can be developed. z The chlorinated plastic bags should not be incinerated. z Waste to be incinerated shall not be chemically treated with any chlorinated disinf...

three major steps in forming ATP (called cellular respiration) a. glycolysis (1) in cytosol (2) glucose 2 pyruvic acid (a series of steps) (3) yields 2 ATP/glucose (not very efficient by itself) (4) attach H to carrier molecules b. citric acid cycle (also called Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle) (1) pyruvic acid is transported to mitochondrial matrix (2) pyruvic acid acetyl CoA (3) acetyl CoA enters citric acid cycle, which is a series of reactions (4) CO2 is produced (5) hyd...

three major steps in forming ATP (called cellular respiration) a. glycolysis (1) in cytosol (2) glucose 2 pyruvic acid (a series of steps) (3) yields 2 ATP/glucose (not very efficient by itself) (4) attach H to carrier molecules b. citric acid cycle (also called Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle) (1) pyruvic acid is transported to mitochondrial matrix (2) pyruvic acid acetyl CoA (3) acetyl CoA enters citric acid cycle, which is a series of reactions (4) CO2 is produced (5) hyd...

three major steps in forming ATP (called cellular respiration) a. glycolysis (1) in cytosol (2) glucose 2 pyruvic acid (a series of steps) (3) yields 2 ATP/glucose (not very efficient by itself) (4) attach H to carrier molecules b. citric acid cycle (also called Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle) (1) pyruvic acid is transported to mitochondrial matrix (2) pyruvic acid acetyl CoA (3) acetyl CoA enters citric acid cycle, which is a series of reactions (4) CO2 is produced (5) hyd...

The water used to make the NaOH solution can be boiled to expel the dissolved CO2 gas but this time-consuming procedure is often not possible in a short laboratory period. A stock solution of NaOH can be made in advance with boiled water but will re-absorb CO2 over a period of time unless stored in airtight containers. Therefore, if we want to know the exact concentration of a freshly made NaOH solution, we need to “standardize” it. That is, determine its exact concentration by titrati...