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antimicrobials - any compounds that kill or inhibit microorganisms antibiotics - antimicrobials, usually of low molecular weight, naturally produced by microorganisms to inhibit or kill other microorganisms ex. penicillin and streptomycin semi-synthetics - antimicrobials that are chemically synthesized in the laboratory and are not produced by microbial biosynthesis at all ex. sulfa drugs healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) - formerly nosocomial infections; acquired in hospitals; MRSA ...

GI bacteria - • the stomach and small intestine contain relatively few bacteria • the large intestine bacterial populations are significant why does the stomach and small intestine contain relatively few bacteria? - • HCl produced by the stomach is unbearable for most bacteria • rapid movement of food through the small intestine prevents attachement (peristalsis) large intestine bacteria - • primarily in the colon • up to 10^11 bacteria per gram of feces • most are commensal...

In which growth phase is a bacterial culture MOST susceptible to a chemotherapeutic agent? Hint: It will take some critical thinking to answer this one. Think about what is happening in each of the growth phases (bacterial growth curve) and how antibiotics work. stationary phase log phase lag phase death phase - log phase Microorganisms are most susceptible to antibiotics when they are rapidly metabolizing and growing. Mueller Hinton plates are always prepared at a standard thickness of...

Endotoxins are also known as - Lipid A. When would endotoxins be released from a bacterial cell? - When the cell dies Which of the following would be the first sign of an infection that resulted in the release of endotoxin? - Fever Why is a release of endotoxin into the bloodstream potentially deadly? - It can lower blood pressure and cause the patient to go into shock. Which of the following features of Salmonella prevent it from being phagocytosed? - Flagella Where do Salmonella pathog...

True or false: The high-dry lens will be optimal for observing multicellular fungi or algae. - False True or false: The oil immersion objective is necessary to determine the morphology of prokaryotes. - True What was the largest organism you observed? The smallest? - Fungi/mold; bacteria What three shapes of bacteria did you observe? - cocci, spiral, bacilli How does increased magnification increase the field of vision? - When magnification increases, it decreases the field of vision Why...

True or False: A virus is considered a microorganism. - false What is the smallest biological unit of life? - a cell At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what? - Macromolecules Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista are all classification under what type of organism? - Eukarya All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotropic. - false Microorganisms classified as _________ obtain most of their energy by converting light energy into chemical energy. - Plan...

Which of the following are considered Protista? Select all that apply. Amoeba Algae Yeast Bacteria - Amoeba & Algae True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue layers. - True The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply): Lipid synthesis Protein Synthesis Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes Protein modification and distribution To produce energy ATP - Protein Synthesis Identify the following cellular components by matc...

All of these are guidelines for establishing and preserving long-term relationship except - A. understand the mission, strategic priorities B. try to limit transparency in communicating information C. reach out to stakeholders at the program onset D. keep an open communication flow exchange E. look at shared goals and outcomes Correct Response: B _____ allows health system managers, policy makers, and clinicians to find ways of implementing the desired conditions for workers while meetin...

In order to be a successful price discriminator, a provider must have a degree of market power (depicted by a downward-sloping demand curve) and meet what other condition(s)? a. Customers cannot know that different prices are being charged. b. Markets must be segmentable, identifying differences in ability to pay. c. Demand for services must be relatively price elastic. d. Profitable service expansion opportunities must be limited. e. The provider must have excess capacity to accommodate t...

Which of the following statements is true about the Medicaid program? a. The majority of total outlays are for the elderly and disabled. b. Eligibility standards are uniform across all states. c. Everyone in the poverty-level population is eligible for benefits. d. Federal tax revenues provide 100 percent of the program's funding. e. The law places a ceiling on state per capita spending for enrollees. - a. The majority of total outlays are for the elderly and disabled. Which of the follo...