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Second Year Nursing Skills
True 
The client who is immobilized for the next 4 months is at risk for developing pneumonia. The following would be an accurate nursing diagnostic statement: "Risk for Infection related to inadequate primary defenses: stasis of secretions." 
 
True or False 
 
 
 
Risk for infection 
A client with poor nutrition enters the hospital for treatment of a puncture wound. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for the most immediate health risk would be: 
 
risk for infection 
fever 
anxiety 
impaired s...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 6 pages •
True 
The client who is immobilized for the next 4 months is at risk for developing pneumonia. The following would be an accurate nursing diagnostic statement: "Risk for Infection related to inadequate primary defenses: stasis of secretions." 
 
True or False 
 
 
 
Risk for infection 
A client with poor nutrition enters the hospital for treatment of a puncture wound. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for the most immediate health risk would be: 
 
risk for infection 
fever 
anxiety 
impaired s...
A Level Biology: Primary Non-Specific Defences against Pathogens
Give four examples of primary non-specific defences against pathogens in animals 
skin, blood clotting, mucous, expulsive reflexes 
 
 
 
What is the outer layer of skin called? 
epidermis 
 
 
 
What are kertinocytes? 
epidermal cells that produce karatin 
 
 
 
What % of cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes? 
90% 
 
 
 
How and where are keratinocytes produced? 
by mitosis at the base of the epidermis 
 
 
 
True or false: keratinocytes migrate out to the skins surface but die by the time ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 2 pages •
Give four examples of primary non-specific defences against pathogens in animals 
skin, blood clotting, mucous, expulsive reflexes 
 
 
 
What is the outer layer of skin called? 
epidermis 
 
 
 
What are kertinocytes? 
epidermal cells that produce karatin 
 
 
 
What % of cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes? 
90% 
 
 
 
How and where are keratinocytes produced? 
by mitosis at the base of the epidermis 
 
 
 
True or false: keratinocytes migrate out to the skins surface but die by the time ...
OCR A level Biology 12.5 Non-specific animal defences against pathogens
What are non-specific defences? 
always present and working to prevent against the invasion of pathogens. They target all/a range of pathogens. 
 
 
 
How are non-specific defences classified? 
--> Classified as primary (keeping pathogens out) and secondary (getting rid of pathogens) 
 
 
 
Are Non-specific defences fast or slow acting? 
fast acting 
 
 
 
What are specific defences? 
specific to each type of pathogen that invades the body and is known as the 'Specific Immune Response' 
 
 ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 5 pages •
What are non-specific defences? 
always present and working to prevent against the invasion of pathogens. They target all/a range of pathogens. 
 
 
 
How are non-specific defences classified? 
--> Classified as primary (keeping pathogens out) and secondary (getting rid of pathogens) 
 
 
 
Are Non-specific defences fast or slow acting? 
fast acting 
 
 
 
What are specific defences? 
specific to each type of pathogen that invades the body and is known as the 'Specific Immune Response' 
 
 ...
Anatomy, Physiology, and Disease Chapter 1
Anatomy 
The study of the internal and external structures of plants, animals, and the human body 
 
 
 
Leonardo da Vinci (1400's) 
One of the earliest anatomists 
 
 
 
Anatomists 
One who studies anatomy 
 
 
 
Microscopic anatomy 
The study of structures that can be seen and examined only with magnification aids 
 
 
 
Cytology 
The study of cellular structure 
 
 
 
Histology 
The study of tissue 
 
 
 
Macroscopic anatomy (Gross anatomy) 
The study of structures visible to the unaided or ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 2 pages •
Anatomy 
The study of the internal and external structures of plants, animals, and the human body 
 
 
 
Leonardo da Vinci (1400's) 
One of the earliest anatomists 
 
 
 
Anatomists 
One who studies anatomy 
 
 
 
Microscopic anatomy 
The study of structures that can be seen and examined only with magnification aids 
 
 
 
Cytology 
The study of cellular structure 
 
 
 
Histology 
The study of tissue 
 
 
 
Macroscopic anatomy (Gross anatomy) 
The study of structures visible to the unaided or ...
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions Chapter One
What is anatomy? 
Anatomy is the study of the internal and external structures of plants,animals, or the human body. (pg.2) 
 
 
 
What is microscopic anatomy? 
Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that can be seen and examined only with magnification aids. (pg.2) 
 
 
 
What is macroscopic anatomy? 
Macroscopic anatomy is the study of the structures visible to the unaided or naked eye. 
 
 
 
Another word for macroscopic anatomy is ________. 
Gross anatomy. 
 
 
 
What is physiology? ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 2 pages •
What is anatomy? 
Anatomy is the study of the internal and external structures of plants,animals, or the human body. (pg.2) 
 
 
 
What is microscopic anatomy? 
Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that can be seen and examined only with magnification aids. (pg.2) 
 
 
 
What is macroscopic anatomy? 
Macroscopic anatomy is the study of the structures visible to the unaided or naked eye. 
 
 
 
Another word for macroscopic anatomy is ________. 
Gross anatomy. 
 
 
 
What is physiology? ...
Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions Chapter One
What is anatomy? 
Anatomy is the study of the internal and external structures of plants,animals, or the human body. (pg.2) 
 
 
 
What is microscopic anatomy? 
Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that can be seen and examined only with magnification aids. (pg.2) 
 
 
 
What is macroscopic anatomy? 
Macroscopic anatomy is the study of the structures visible to the unaided or naked eye. 
 
 
 
Another word for macroscopic anatomy is ________. 
Gross anatomy. 
 
 
 
What is physiology? ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 2 pages •
What is anatomy? 
Anatomy is the study of the internal and external structures of plants,animals, or the human body. (pg.2) 
 
 
 
What is microscopic anatomy? 
Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that can be seen and examined only with magnification aids. (pg.2) 
 
 
 
What is macroscopic anatomy? 
Macroscopic anatomy is the study of the structures visible to the unaided or naked eye. 
 
 
 
Another word for macroscopic anatomy is ________. 
Gross anatomy. 
 
 
 
What is physiology? ...
Combined Science - Biology Paper 1
What are the advantages of vaccines? 
Reduce chance of future outbreaks. Might save lives 
 
 
 
What are the disadvantages of vaccines? 
Vaccine could harm healthy person. Unfair if not available to everyone 
 
 
 
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes 
What parts does a typical animal cell have? 
 
 
 
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuole, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria 
What parts does a typical plant cell have? 
 
 
 
Has no nucleus 
What is a pro...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 5 pages •
What are the advantages of vaccines? 
Reduce chance of future outbreaks. Might save lives 
 
 
 
What are the disadvantages of vaccines? 
Vaccine could harm healthy person. Unfair if not available to everyone 
 
 
 
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes 
What parts does a typical animal cell have? 
 
 
 
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuole, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria 
What parts does a typical plant cell have? 
 
 
 
Has no nucleus 
What is a pro...
Anatomy and Physiology In Health and Disease
Antibiotic 
a substance that acts against bacteria; it inhibits bacterial growth 
 
 
 
Bacteria 
a single-celled microscopic organism that does not contain a nucleus 
 
 
 
Body Cavity 
a region or space containing organs in a multicellular organism 
 
 
 
Cells 
basic unit of structure for all living things 
 
 
 
Diaphragm 
a large muscle that aids in breathing 
 
 
 
Mediastinum 
the middle section of the chest activity 
 
 
 
Meninges 
membranes that cover the rain and spinal cord 
 
 
 
Mu...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 2 pages •
Antibiotic 
a substance that acts against bacteria; it inhibits bacterial growth 
 
 
 
Bacteria 
a single-celled microscopic organism that does not contain a nucleus 
 
 
 
Body Cavity 
a region or space containing organs in a multicellular organism 
 
 
 
Cells 
basic unit of structure for all living things 
 
 
 
Diaphragm 
a large muscle that aids in breathing 
 
 
 
Mediastinum 
the middle section of the chest activity 
 
 
 
Meninges 
membranes that cover the rain and spinal cord 
 
 
 
Mu...
AQA Combined Science Trilogy: Biology
Cell Wall 
strength and support 
 
 
 
Nucleus 
Controls the cell 
 
 
 
Cell Membrane 
Controls movement in and out of the cell 
 
 
 
Mitochondria 
Respiration 
 
 
 
Vacuole 
Cell Sap 
 
 
 
Chloroplasts 
Contains chlorophyll 
 
 
 
Ribosomes 
Protein synthesis 
 
 
 
Cytoplasm 
Chemical reactions take place 
 
 
 
Specialised cells 
Carry out specific functions 
 
 
 
How are sperm cells adapted? 
Full of mitochondria to release energy for the tail to swim 
 
 
 
Tissues 
Group of cells with...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 1 pages •
Cell Wall 
strength and support 
 
 
 
Nucleus 
Controls the cell 
 
 
 
Cell Membrane 
Controls movement in and out of the cell 
 
 
 
Mitochondria 
Respiration 
 
 
 
Vacuole 
Cell Sap 
 
 
 
Chloroplasts 
Contains chlorophyll 
 
 
 
Ribosomes 
Protein synthesis 
 
 
 
Cytoplasm 
Chemical reactions take place 
 
 
 
Specialised cells 
Carry out specific functions 
 
 
 
How are sperm cells adapted? 
Full of mitochondria to release energy for the tail to swim 
 
 
 
Tissues 
Group of cells with...
AQA GCSE Combined Science Trilogy : Biology Paper 1
AQA GCSE Combined Science Trilogy : Biology Paper 1 
 
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- Exam (elaborations)
- • 20 pages •
AQA GCSE Combined Science Trilogy : Biology Paper 1 
 
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