exam questions with answer ,class notes

Facilities must have basic equipment and drugs in stock at all times, and adequate staff skilled in paediatric care. Sick children coming to hospital must be immediately triaged, assessed and if necessary, provided with emergency treatment as soon as possible. Assessment of diagnosis and illness severity must be thorough and treatment must be carefully planned. All stages should be accurately and comprehensively documented. The protocols provide a minimum standard and safe approa...

History of Microbiology Man kind has always been affected by diseases which were originally believed to be visitations by the gods and meant to punish evil doers. Hippocratus, father of medicine, observed that ill health resulted due to changes in air, winds, water, climate, food, nature of soil and habits of people. Varro (117-26 BC)said a theory that disease was caused by animated particles invisible to naked eye but which were carried in the air through the mouth and nose in...

Bacillus General Characteristics of Bacillus  ~ 60 species; Gram-positive or Gram-variable bacilli • Large (0.5 x 1.2 to 2.5 x 10 um) • Most are saprophytic contaminants or normal flora • Bacillus anthracis is most important member  Produce endospores  Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic  Catalase positive (most) • Rapidly differentiates from Clostridium Bacillus spp. are ubiquitous • Soil, water, and airborne dust • Thermophilic (< 75°C) an...

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids • Polymers of nucleo des are termed polynucleo des or nucleic acids, be er known as DNA and RNA. •  Each nucleic acid is made from just four different nucleo des. •  RNA contain the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil •  DNA contain adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. • Polymeriza on involves the phosphate and sugar groups of the nucleo des, which become linked by phosphodiester bonds • primary role: act as ca...

AC 371 Chapter 5 Learnsmart With Questions And Answers Guaranteed Pass Sam traded a parcel of land for a tractor and a car. He had purchased the land five years earlier for $16,000. The market value of the car and tractor is $20,000. What is the amount of gross income resulting from this transaction? a. $4,000 b. $20,000 c. $0 d. $16,000 - ANSWER>>>A Mary has received the following income and fringe benefits during the current year: a $73,000 salary; $600 ...

ACRP CP WITH DETAILED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A Phase I - ANSWER>>>The clinical trial phase that focuses on safety and human pharmacology in healthy volunteers Who is ultimately responsible for all aspects of the research conducted at a site? - ANSWER>>>Principal investigator Define GCP - ANSWER>>>An international quality standard that is provided by ICH E6(R2) describing safety, accuracy of trials and credibility ...

Acute inflammation  A physiological response to injury by living tissue.  The response is mounted by the microvasculature (meta-arterioles, capillaries, venules) INJURY INFLAMMATION HEALING PROCESS  Inflammation is dynamic. -itis implies that the disease is an inflammatory response e.g hepatitis, nephritis etc.  Pneumonitis: Viral induced inflammation of the lungs.  Pneumonia: Bacterial.  Depending on the degree of response ...

Adrenal glands •Small, triangular glands loosely attached to the kidneys •Divided into two morphologically distinct regions- adrenal cortex (outer)- adrenal medulla (inner) Steroid Hormones • Steroid hormones are produced by the gonads and adrenal cortex. • Steroid hormones are made from cholesterol in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of endocrine cells.

AMYLOIDOSIS Definition • Deposition of abnormal proteins in between connective tissues of organs. • This may affect the brain e.g Alzheimers disease (β-amyloid), joint spaces etc. • They are pinkish deposits (eosinophilic) & amorphous & structureless depositing in tissues. • Exposure to iodine gives the amyloid a bright green colouration. Classification • In terms of clinical presentation: I. Primary amyloidosis: (Immunoglobin origin): Comprises of AL (amyloid...

Blood Formation • Hemopoiesis ( hematopoiesis) is the process that produces the formed elements of the blood. • Hemopoiesis takes place in the red bone marrow found in the epiphyses of long bones (for example, the humerus and femur), flat bones (ribs and cranial bones), vertebrae, and the pelvis. • Within the red bone marrow, hemopoietic stem cells ( hemocytoblasts) divide to produce various “blast” cells. • Each of these cells matures and becomes a particular formed ...