exam questions with answer ,class notes

It is also known as the ninth cranial nerve ,cranial nerve IX or simply CN IX ,is a cranial nerve that exits the brainstem from the sides of the upper medulla ,just anterior (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve . Being a mixed nerve (sensorimotor),it carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information . The motor division of the glossopharyngael nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic medulla oblangata, whereas the sensory divion originates from the cran...

CRANIAL NERVE V (TRIGEMINAL NERVE) TRIGEMINAL NERVE • Cranial nerve v is both sensory and motor nerve. • It is divided into three main branches:-Ophthalmic(v1)-Maxillary(v2)-mandibular(v3

SIXTH CRANIAL NERVE •Also known as Abducens nerve •Performs somatic motor functions and lacks any sensory functions Originates from abducens nucleus found in the ventral aspect of the pons The trochlear nerve , oculomotor nerve and abducens nerve work together to control eye movements Functions Sends signals to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye which

CRANIAL NERVE 8 VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR The vestibulocochlear nerve consists of the vestibular and cochlear nerves, also known as cranial nerve eight (CN VIII). CLASSIFICATION SENSORY NERVE members: NS201/109963/22 NS201/109949/22

VAGUS NERVE(X) • Vagus nerve is both a motor and sensory nerve • It perfoms motor innervation of; Palatoglossus muscle Pharynx Larynx • It perfom sensory innervation by;  Providing taste sensation to root of the tongue • It also provide visceral sensation to the heart and abdominal visceral FUCTIONS OF VAGUS NERVE  Regulate internal organs functions such as;  Digestion  Heart rate  Respiratory rate  Vasomotor activity  Reflex a...

The spinal components These fibers coalesce to form the spinal part of the accessory nerve which runs superiorly to enter the cranial cavity via the foramen Magnum. The nerve traverse the posterior cranial fossa to reach the jugular foramen. It briefly meets the cranial portion of the accessory nerve before exiting the skull (along With the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve) Cranial components

HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE Hypoglossal nerve is the cranial nerve 12 It is mainly a efferent nerve{MOTOR } for the tongue musculature It originates from the medulla and travel caudally and dorsally to the tongue It has several branches which are ; meningeal , descending , thyrothyroid and muscular Muscular branch is considered part of the real hypoglossal nerve originating from the hypoglossal nucleus FUNCTIONS OF THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE Descending branch carries in...

SYSTEMATIC MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology include: 1. Bacteriology 2. Virology 3. mycology 1) BACTERIOLOGY 1) COCCI 2) COCCO-BACILLI 3) RODS 4) SPIROCHEATES, MICOBACTERIA, RICKETSIA, MYCOPLASMA, CLAMYDIA Leaning objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student shall be able to: 1. List the antigenic structure of bacteria 2. Apply the different chemical laboratory methods to identify the pathogenic bacteria 3. Develop the major classification scheme for gram-positive and...

B) COCCO-BACILLI GRAM NEGATIVE COCCOBACILLI Genus: Haemophilus Brucella Francisella pasteurella Bordetella Yersinia GENUS: HAEMOPHILLUS • Kingdom: Bacteria • Family: Pasteurellaceae • Genus: haemophillus • Spp: i. H. influenzae ii. H. ducreyi iii. H. aegyptius iv. H. parainfluenza etc GENUS: HAEMOPHILUS General characteristics: • Belong to family Pasteurellaceae • This is a group of small gram-negative, pleomorphic coccobacilli. • Aerobi...

INTRODUCTION In this lecture we are going to introduce you to the theory of communication. As a human being you have to communicate. Communication is a key element in any human activity. Communication is a learned skill. However, while most people are born with the physical ability to talk, not all can communicate well unless they make special efforts to develop and refine this communication skill. Very often, we take the ease with which we communicate with each other for granted, so...