exam questions with answer ,class notes
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Bacterial Anatomy Introduction
- Class notes
- • 49 pages •
Microbiology – Lecture 2 Normal Flora
Objectives 
 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 Define the terms: Normal Flora, Resident flora, Transient flora and carrier state 
 Know the origin of normal flora. 
 Know the importance of normal flora with examples, including importance as: Source of 
opportunistic infection., Immunostimulation, Nutrition: Vitamins production, Production of 
Carcinogens, Protection against external invaders. 
 4. 
 5. 
 Know areas of the body with normal flora (GIT, Urogenital tract, and skin) and most common 
types of organis...
- Class notes
- • 15 pages •
Objectives 
 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 Define the terms: Normal Flora, Resident flora, Transient flora and carrier state 
 Know the origin of normal flora. 
 Know the importance of normal flora with examples, including importance as: Source of 
opportunistic infection., Immunostimulation, Nutrition: Vitamins production, Production of 
Carcinogens, Protection against external invaders. 
 4. 
 5. 
 Know areas of the body with normal flora (GIT, Urogenital tract, and skin) and most common 
types of organis...
gametogenesis and female cycles
OBJECTIVES 
 
 By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: 
 
 Describe the female cycles ( 
 Uterine 
 ). 
 
 Define 
 
 gametogenesis. 
 Differentiate the types of 
 
 
 Ovarian & 
 Describe the process of 
gametogenesis. 
 spermatogenesis. 
 Describe the process of 
oogenesis. 
Female Reproductive Cycles 
 • Startat puberty. 
 • Normally continues 
 until the 
menopause. 
 • Reproductive cycles 
depend upon 
activities & 
coordination of: 
 1. Hypoth...
- Class notes
- • 31 pages •
OBJECTIVES 
 
 By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: 
 
 Describe the female cycles ( 
 Uterine 
 ). 
 
 Define 
 
 gametogenesis. 
 Differentiate the types of 
 
 
 Ovarian & 
 Describe the process of 
gametogenesis. 
 spermatogenesis. 
 Describe the process of 
oogenesis. 
Female Reproductive Cycles 
 • Startat puberty. 
 • Normally continues 
 until the 
menopause. 
 • Reproductive cycles 
depend upon 
activities & 
coordination of: 
 1. Hypoth...
GENERAL APPEARANCE Clinical Methods General Appearance • Observe any signs of acute or chronic distress as evidenced by skin color, respiration, hydration, mental status, cry and social interaction. • Interpret the general appearance of the child i
GENERAL APPEARANCE 
 Clinical Methods 
General Appearance 
 • Observe any signs of acute or chronic distress 
as evidenced by skin color, respiration, 
hydration, mental status, cry and social 
interaction. 
• Interpret the general appearance of the child 
including size, morphologic features, 
development, behaviors and interaction of the 
child with the parent and examiner. 
Cyanosis 
• Cyanosis is a bluish or purplish tinge to the 
skin and mucous membranes 
Central Cyanosis 
...
- Class notes
- • 63 pages •
GENERAL APPEARANCE 
 Clinical Methods 
General Appearance 
 • Observe any signs of acute or chronic distress 
as evidenced by skin color, respiration, 
hydration, mental status, cry and social 
interaction. 
• Interpret the general appearance of the child 
including size, morphologic features, 
development, behaviors and interaction of the 
child with the parent and examiner. 
Cyanosis 
• Cyanosis is a bluish or purplish tinge to the 
skin and mucous membranes 
Central Cyanosis 
...
Outline Fertilization Gametes Germ Cells Meiosis Male Reproductive Tract Spermatogenesis Female Reproductive Tract Oogenesis Menstrual Cycle Hormones Fertilization Gametes – Oocyte, Sperm Acrosomal reaction Cell Fusion Cortical reaction Com
Outline 
 Fertilization 
 Gametes 
Germ Cells 
 Meiosis 
 Male Reproductive Tract 
 Spermatogenesis 
 Female Reproductive Tract 
 Oogenesis 
 Menstrual Cycle 
 Hormones 
Fertilization 
 Gametes – Oocyte, Sperm 
 Acrosomal reaction 
 Cell Fusion 
 Cortical reaction 
 Completion of Meiosis – 2nd polar body released 
 Pronuclear fusion 
 Zygote = fertilized egg 
Oocyte 
 Corona radiata, follicle cells 
Zona pellucida, acellular– 3 primary glycoproteins (ZP1, 2, 3) 
 Cortical Granules – ve...
- Class notes
- • 48 pages •
Outline 
 Fertilization 
 Gametes 
Germ Cells 
 Meiosis 
 Male Reproductive Tract 
 Spermatogenesis 
 Female Reproductive Tract 
 Oogenesis 
 Menstrual Cycle 
 Hormones 
Fertilization 
 Gametes – Oocyte, Sperm 
 Acrosomal reaction 
 Cell Fusion 
 Cortical reaction 
 Completion of Meiosis – 2nd polar body released 
 Pronuclear fusion 
 Zygote = fertilized egg 
Oocyte 
 Corona radiata, follicle cells 
Zona pellucida, acellular– 3 primary glycoproteins (ZP1, 2, 3) 
 Cortical Granules – ve...
PRINCIPLES OF HISTORY TAKING AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION HAMAD AL QAHTANI Assistant Professor & and , MD( Hepatobiliary HON) , CABS , Consultant General FRCS Surgeon Department of Surgery Collage of Medicine HISTORY TAKING A.
PRINCIPLES OF HISTORY TAKING 
AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 
 HAMAD AL 
QAHTANI 
 Assistant Professor & 
and 
, 
MD( 
 Hepatobiliary 
 HON) 
 , 
CABS 
 , 
Consultant General 
FRCS 
 Surgeon 
 Department of Surgery 
 Collage of Medicine 
 
HISTORY TAKING 
A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 
 1. It is the single most important factor in 
making a diagnosis . 
 • 
 It direct the clinician to search for the 
physical abnormalities . 
2. Introduce yourself 
the patient and 
to
- Class notes
- • 56 pages •
PRINCIPLES OF HISTORY TAKING 
AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 
 HAMAD AL 
QAHTANI 
 Assistant Professor & 
and 
, 
MD( 
 Hepatobiliary 
 HON) 
 , 
CABS 
 , 
Consultant General 
FRCS 
 Surgeon 
 Department of Surgery 
 Collage of Medicine 
 
HISTORY TAKING 
A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 
 1. It is the single most important factor in 
making a diagnosis . 
 • 
 It direct the clinician to search for the 
physical abnormalities . 
2. Introduce yourself 
the patient and 
to
Microbial Agents Microbial Agents The agents of human infectious diseases belong to five major groups of organisms: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and viruses. The bacteria belong to the prokaryote kingdom, the fungi (yeasts and molds) and prot
Microbial Agents 
Microbial Agents 
 The agents of human infectious diseases belong to five major 
 groups of organisms: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and 
 viruses. The bacteria belong to the prokaryote kingdom, the 
 fungi (yeasts and molds) and protozoa are members of the 
 kingdom of protists, and the helminths (worms) are classified in 
 the animal kingdom. 
 The protists are distinguished from animals and plants by being 
 either unicellular or relatively simple multicellular organ...
- Summary
- • 28 pages •
Microbial Agents 
Microbial Agents 
 The agents of human infectious diseases belong to five major 
 groups of organisms: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and 
 viruses. The bacteria belong to the prokaryote kingdom, the 
 fungi (yeasts and molds) and protozoa are members of the 
 kingdom of protists, and the helminths (worms) are classified in 
 the animal kingdom. 
 The protists are distinguished from animals and plants by being 
 either unicellular or relatively simple multicellular organ...
INTRODUCTION TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH R. NDERITU Reproductive Health Reproductive health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, emotional and social well-being and not merely absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to
INTRODUCTION TO 
REPRODUCTIVE 
HEALTH 
 R. NDERITU 
 Reproductive Health 
 Reproductive health is defined as a state of complete physical, 
mental, emotional and social well-being and not merely absence of 
disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive 
health system and to its functions and processes, (ICPD, 1994). 
 Reproductive health care 
 Reproductive health care is the appropriate constellation of 
methods, technologies and services that will ensur...
- Class notes
- • 43 pages •
INTRODUCTION TO 
REPRODUCTIVE 
HEALTH 
 R. NDERITU 
 Reproductive Health 
 Reproductive health is defined as a state of complete physical, 
mental, emotional and social well-being and not merely absence of 
disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive 
health system and to its functions and processes, (ICPD, 1994). 
 Reproductive health care 
 Reproductive health care is the appropriate constellation of 
methods, technologies and services that will ensur...
CCM 3313: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (45 HOURS Purpose of the Course The purpose of the course is to enable the learners to acquire knowledge on the application of basic principles of research methodology in medical field. Expected Learning Outcome • At
CCM 3313: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (45 HOURS 
 Purpose of the Course 
 The purpose of the course is to enable the 
learners to acquire knowledge on the 
application of basic principles of research 
methodology in medical field. 
Expected Learning Outcome 
 • At the end of the course the learner should be able to 
 • Explain the process of identifying research problems and 
prioritization. 
 • Explain various components of research project in health 
 • Explain the interrelationship of t...
- Class notes
- • 34 pages •
CCM 3313: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (45 HOURS 
 Purpose of the Course 
 The purpose of the course is to enable the 
learners to acquire knowledge on the 
application of basic principles of research 
methodology in medical field. 
Expected Learning Outcome 
 • At the end of the course the learner should be able to 
 • Explain the process of identifying research problems and 
prioritization. 
 • Explain various components of research project in health 
 • Explain the interrelationship of t...
CCM 3314: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS I (3 Credit Hours) Course Purpose To enable the students with knowledge, skills and attitude in pharmacology and therapeutics to manage diseases and disorders. Expected Learning Outcomes At the end of
CCM 3314: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS I (3 Credit 
 Hours) 
 Course Purpose 
 To enable the students with knowledge, skills and attitude in pharmacology and 
 therapeutics to manage diseases and disorders. 
 Expected Learning Outcomes 
 At the end of this course, the student should be able to: 
 1. Explain principles and concepts in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 
 2. Classify various pharmacological and therapeutic agents as used in clinical practice. 
 3. Write and describe...
- Class notes
- • 68 pages •
CCM 3314: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS I (3 Credit 
 Hours) 
 Course Purpose 
 To enable the students with knowledge, skills and attitude in pharmacology and 
 therapeutics to manage diseases and disorders. 
 Expected Learning Outcomes 
 At the end of this course, the student should be able to: 
 1. Explain principles and concepts in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 
 2. Classify various pharmacological and therapeutic agents as used in clinical practice. 
 3. Write and describe...