exam questions with answer ,class notes

Analgesics Analgesics are drugs for relieving pain I. II. III. IV. V. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) Opioid analagesics Non-opioid centrally acting analgesics Compound/combined analgesic preparations The non-opioid drugs, paracetamol and NSAIDs (and other NSAIDs), are particularly suitable for pain in musculoskeletal conditions, whereas the opioid analgesics are more suitable for moderate to severe pain, particularly of visc...

ANTIGENS AND IMMUNOGENS • An immune response is the result of exposure of the body to foreign agents. These foreign agents can be called an antigen or immunogen. • Antigens – An antigen is an agent capable of binding specifically to components of the immune response such as lymphocytes and antibodies. • Immunogen-It is any agent capable of inducing an immune response. So all antigens immunogens are antigens but not all antigens are immunogens. • Antigenesity; This is the ...

APGAR Score • After delivering the baby, an assessment of the general condition is done after one minute and again after five minutes. • This involves the consideration of five specific signs and the degree to which they are present or absent. • The factors assessed are:– Appearance - Colour–Pulse - Heart rate–Grimace- good grimace– Activity - Muscle tone– Respiratory efforts – vigorous crying APGAR Score Chart Sign Score 0 Score1 Score2 Appearance Paleor blue ...

Artificial feeding • it is method of feeding the baby ,for the fullfillment of nutritional requirement ,if mother milk is not available . it is vital for maintaining the nutritional level in baby. • Should only be used when the mother is unable to breastfeed the baby • It involves feeding the baby with other breastmilk substitutes • It aims • To providing nutrition to the infant • To substitute breastmilk and provide nutrients approximate to the ones in breastmi...

ATI COMMUNITY HEALTH PROCTORED ACTUAL EXAMQUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) a nurse who is facilitating a support group in a community center notices that one member of the group expresses anger repeatedly. which of the following strategies should the nurse use to facilitate the group process with this member? A. remind the group that everyone should have a chance to participate D. divide the group into pairs and give each pair a topic f...

Carbohydrates

AANP FNP CERTIFICATION LATEST 2024 WITH EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS(1005% GUARANTEED)|A+ GRADE All diastolic murmurs are pathological. Murmurs Grades I-barely II-audible III- clearly audible. IV- first time thrill V-Steth edge VI-entire steth. EXAM - ANSWER>>III first time audible, IV first time thrill Fundal height 12 weeks - ANSWER>>Fundal Height 12 weeks above symphysis pubis. EXAM Fundus 16 weeks between symphysis pubis and umbilicus. Fundus at 20 weeks...

THE ABDOMEN . Boundaries of the abdomen Viscera of the anterior part of the abdominal cavity Viscera of the posterior abdominal cavity In the clinic…  The upper part of the abdominal cavity is overlapped by the lower thoracic region and the lower part by the gluteal region. Therefore, the penetrating wounds of these regions frequently involve the abdominal viscera also.  The upper abdominal contents such as liver and spleen fill the concavity of the diaphragm. Therefore,...

CLINICAL METHODS CLP: 123 ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION Overview LIFE EXPERIENCE QUOTES: • “ AM WHO I AM Nyagah . TODAY BECAUSE OF THE CHOICES I MADE YESTARDAY”. By: ELEANS ROOSEVELT. j. m. creations INTRODUCTION 4 components: 1. Observation 2. Auscultation 3. Percussion 4. Palpation • Pelvic, male genital & male/female rectal exams all critical parts of Abdomen exam • They are performed here in a slightly different order (i.e. auscultation before pe...

Introduction Background: Health outcomes across different sites are variable, despite funding, and are often linked to the ability of health care workers to innovatively overcome common and sometimes severe health system challenges matching service delivery to patient or service provider barriers and constraints without necessarily requiring additional resources to deliver high quality services. These innovations would relate to management of human resources, distribution of role...