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How are cells specialized? through the process of differentiation or maturation What are the eight specialized cellular functions? movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and communication What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles. What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? Cellular injury causing cellular self-digestion What is the location and ...

What is the role of the primary care provider in mental health? - Screen for mental health issues - Improve outcomes and reduce health care costs - Assess and give care to mild-moderate disorders or patients with stable severe mental disorders - From strong links with mental health specialty care for complex cases Sharing patient info (ex: meds used) about PHQ2 - what does it screen for, what are the questions, scoring - Screens for MDD - It is the first two questions of the PHQ9 - In th...

What is a Grade I sprain? Slight stretching or microscopic tear No instability What is a Grade II sprain? Partial ligamentous tear Moderate joint instability Moderate swelling Mild to moderate ecchymosis What is a Grade III sprain? Complete ligamentous tear Complete ankle instability Significant swelling Moderate to severe ecchymosis Management of a sprain? Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE) Immobilizer Limit weight-bearing Analgesia Length of disability usually several weeks...

when is incretin released during meals what potentiates glucose induced insulin secretion incretin what is responsible for 70% of postprandial insulin secretion incretin weight loss is seen with which type of DM type 1 Type 1A diabetes is _______________ mediated immune Type 1B diabetes is ______________ idopathic (genetic + environment precipitant) When do you screen for gestational diabetes (high and low risk?) High- early in second trimester (13- 28) Low- 24-28 weeks Diagnosis for ge...

Is it recc to test prepubescent girl for Group A strep who present with vulvovaginitis? Yes, this is a common cause for that age group What are other causes of vulvovaginitis in prepubescent girls? Nonspecific causes like irritants (perfumes, abuse) Pin worms Group A What is the first line tx for vulvovaginitis? Hygiene Start with the lowest intervention Look at causes like new clothes worn without being washed, new soap/detergent Encourage gentle cleansing with water only What blood c...

What is a fever of unknown origin (FUO)? Fever of 100.4 or greater that lasts more than 10-14 days without a documented source from physical exam/screening labs What is prolonged fever? Single illness in which fever that exceeds that which expected for the clinical dx. Ex- fever >10 days for viral URI or >3 wks for mono What is the preferred method to take temp? Rectal or oral What education should be provided to caregivers about a child's fever? Fever is symptom, not a disease. Fe...

While rational drug selection is based on the individual patient the aspect of rational drug selection addressing disease-specific information by a national medical or nursing organization is A. a guideline. B. cost. C. availability. D. patient hepatic and renal function. A. a guideline Drugs that alter synaptic transmission are much more selective than those that alter axonal conduction, why is this? a drug that affects the axonal conduction - non-selective effect. Drugs that alter syna...

Often prescribed with levodopa/carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease Bromocriptine What medication may cause serious or possibly life-threatening sleep behaviors, such as sleep driving? Ambien Taking too much of this type of drug can make you "blind as a bat" or "mad as a hatter" Anticholinergics, antimuscarinics Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, excretion Pharmacokinetics Drugs used to relieve a myasthenic crisis Neostigmine, pyridostigmine This drug has a very narro...

First line tmt for a previously healthy person who develops CAP? Azirthomycin If you see SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and St. John's wort together? Serotonin syndrome Hypersensitivity with Phenytoin? 3-8 weeks after treatment can occur (overly sensitive to this medication and have adverse reactions) This would look like a characteristic rash, fever, leukocytosis Carbamazepine can auto-metabolize? YES. This can auto-metabolize so you will end up with lower levels If a pa...

Pharmacology the study of drugs and their structure, targets of action, mechanisms of action (MOA), distribution (how the body disburses them throughout the body), desired physiologic effects (efficacy) and undesirable side effects (toxicity). Pharmacokinetics includes the following: ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination). Pharmacokinetics is... How the body effects the drug Absorption absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the bloo...