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1. What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult brain? a. GABA b. Glutamate c. Dopamine d. Serotonin e. Norepinephrine Answer: b Textbook Reference: Overview 2. To which category of neurotransmitters does acetylcholine belong? a. Purines b. Peptides c. Amino acids d. Biogenic amines e. Small-molecule neurotransmitters Answer: e Textbook Reference: Acetylcholine 3. What is the mechanism of organophosphate toxicity? a. Inhibition of acetylcholine reuptake b. Inhi...

In what way does the function of monomeric G-proteins differ from that of heterotrimeric G-proteins? a. Monomeric G-proteins are active in the GTP-bound state, heterotrimeric G-proteins are not. b. Heterotrimeric G-protein activation is controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, monomeric G-protein activation is not. c. Heterotrimeric G-proteins relay signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular targets, monomeric G-proteins do not. d. Monomeric G-protein activity is termin...

Synaptic Transmission Multiple Choice 1. Which structure can be found exclusively at an electrical synapse? a. Synaptic cleft b. Synaptic vesicle c. Connexon d. Neurotransmitter receptor e. Presynaptic membrane Answer: c Textbook Reference: Two Classes of Synapses 2. Presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons that form _______ synapses are connected via _______. a. chemical; connexons b. chemical; neurotransmitter release c. electrical; gap junctions d. electrical; the synaptic cleft ...

1 Introduction to Modern Cryptography 11 1.1 Encryption: Historical Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.2 Modern Encryption: A Computational Complexity Based Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3 A Short List of Candidate One Way Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.4 Security Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.5 The Model of Adversary . . ....

Oil spilled into the ocean does not easily disperse, but rather clumps into an oil slick. Which of the following explains why this occurs? A. Oil is composed mainly of hydrophilic molecules. B. Oil is composed mainly of nonpolar molecules. C. Oil has no hydrogen in its molecular structure, so it can't form hydrogen bonds with water. D. Water is hydrophobic. E. Electrons are shared unequally between carbon and hydrogen atoms. Molecules that have properties of both polar and nonpolar mol...

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1. What is the voltage clamp method? Answer: The voltage clamp method allows characterization of permeability changes as a function of membrane potential and time. Textbook Reference: Ion Currents across Nerve Cell Membranes 2. Explain how Hodgkin and Huxley used the voltage clamp method to show that changes in permeability to Na+ and K+ underlie the action potential. Answer: Using the giant axon of a squid, they showed that depolarization is followed by transient inward current and lastin...

Part 1 of 9 - 1.0/ 1.0 Points Question 1 of 25 1.0/ 1.0 Points If a variable has possible values –2, 6, and 17, then this variable is A.both a continuous and a discrete variable B.a continuous variable C.a discrete variable D.neither a continuous nor a discrete variable Answer Key: C Part 2 of 9 - 1.0/ 2.0 Points Question 2 of 25 0.0/ 1.0 Points If two events are independent, what is the probability that they both occur? A.0.0 B.0.5 C.1.00 D.Cannot be determined from the infor...

1. Which statement about Na+ permeability during an action potential is most accurate? a. It is long lasting. b. It is responsible for the rising phase of the action potential. c. It is responsible for the falling phase of the action potential. d. It restores the membrane potential to its usual level following the action potential. e. All of the above Answer: b Textbook Reference: Overview 2. Work done by _______ elucidated changes in membrane permeability that underlie an action poten...

Glia are at least as numerous as neurons in the brain, yet neurons are the predominant focus of neuroscience textbooks. Why? Answer: Neurons generate and conduct electrical and chemical signals, while glia primarily play a supporting role. Textbook Reference: Cellular Components of the Nervous System What was the substance of the disagreement between Golgi and Cajal that, nevertheless, earned them both the 1906 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology? Answer: Golgi was a proponent of the “...