Lectpharis

Dysuria, Frequency, pyuria (pus in urine-clouding and foul smelling), hematuria, costovertebral angle pain, fever. usually happens to women with short Urethras & proximity of urethra to anus & vagina. DX Urologic Infections - ANSWER- DX: UA & Urine C&S. Bacterial (E-coli), fungal, Viral, or parasitic infection. S&S & DX of Menopause. - ANSWER- ↓estrogen ↓bone build-up or maintenance →osteoclastic activity → osteoporosis DX: Ovaries atrophy, ↓estrogen production, no periods S&S ...

S&S of HYPOALDOSTERONISM - ANSWER- Polyuria & Hypotension due to Pituitary Gland problem S&S of Cerebella Stroke - ANSWER- Coordination & Balance Problems Vertigo Nystagmus (REM) N&V Loss of Coordination Falling Down. S&S of Cerebral Stroke - ANSWER- sensorimotor fxn deficits & special fxn deficits. Pain Touch and Temperature S&S of Cerebral Left Hemispheric Stroke - ANSWER- Analytical deficits Speech "dysphasia" Right limb weakness S&S of Cerebral Right Hemispheric Stroke - A...

Physiology - ANSWER- The study of functions & processes that occur in the body, mostly the NORMAL processes Pathophysiology - ANSWER- The study of the underlying changes in body physiology that result from disease or injury Homeostasis - ANSWER- Maintenance of constant conditions in the body's internal environment (body's balancing act) Stressors - ANSWER- Challenges to the body's balance (homeostasis) Compensation - ANSWER- The (appropriate) return of homeostasis after being cha...

Respiratory acidosis - answer- hypoventilation; pt is unconscious & rr decreases → not breathing out enough co2 → retains co2 (hypercapnia); ph: < 7.35 pco2: > 45 Respiratory acidosis compensation - answer- kidneys - will increase amount of hco3 they make or decrease excretion Respiratory alkalosis - answer- hyperventilation; pt has anxiety, acute asthma, or emphysema exacerbations; ph: > 7.45 pco2: < 35 Respiratory alkalosis compensation - answer- kidneys - decrease amount...

Innate (AKA "natural") resistance - ANSWER- the defense mechanisms we are born with 1st Line of Defense - ANSWER- Non-specific, Immediate, physical barriers EX of defensive roles for 1st: - ANSWER- protection from hazardous environmentdesquamation of skinsecretion of sweat (has anti-fungal/anti-bacterial properties) stressors that can breach this defense - ANSWER- lacerations, abrasions, & punctures eyes Defense - ANSWER- Tears and Eyelashes stressors that can breach eyes defenses - ...

Beta lactam resistance - answer- molecular structure called a beta-lactam ring; ex of penicillins—methicillin, amoxicillin→ certain microbes mutated → developed an enzyme, betalactamase → destroy beta-lactam antibiotics by dismantling the beta lactam ring Mrsa: methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus - answer- normal skin bacteria that is now resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics; contact Resistant streptococcus pneumoniae - answer- a bacteria, which causes middle ear infections, ...

Innate resistance? - ANSWER- natural- mechanisms born with What are the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lines of defense in innate resistance? - ANSWER- 1st- physical barriers (skin); immediate & nonspecific 2nd- inflammation; immediate and nonspecific 3rd- Acquired (adaptive) immunity Acquired (adaptive) immunity - ANSWER- also the 3rd line of defense -resist certain disease because of immunocytes -delayed and specific What are immunocytes? - ANSWER- lymphocytes- B and T cells What is the 1st line of...

Examples of multifactorial inheritance disorders - answer- lung cancer, htn, cad, dm Teratogenic disorder - answer- any influence -- eg. Drugs, radiation, viruses - that can cause congenital defects Fetal alcohol syndrome - answer- occurs because toxicity of alcohol causes gene mutations during gestational development Thalidomide babies - answer- born with abnormal arms & legs due to mothers taking the drug thalidomide during early pregnancy Down syndrome is also called what? - answer- tr...

CVI s/s - difficulty returning blood to the heart - ANSWER- 1. "Floppy"; 2. Varicose veins, aching, heaviness or cramping, itching, redness 3. Edema- Leg swelling 4. Skin ulcers of the legs and ankles DVT s/s - a blood clot that forms in a deep vein - ANSWER- "SHEP" -positive homans -leg pale and cool to touch -decreased peripheral pulses -leg swelling -erythema -heat -tenderness Thrombophlebitis/DVT - Clotting - ANSWER- Inflammation of a vein associated with the formati...

Hyperglycemia - ANSWER- higher than normal glucose in blood. Glycogenesis - ANSWER- glucose becoming glycogen. Glycogen - ANSWER- the storage glucose. Hypoglycemia - ANSWER- not enough glucose int he blood Glycogenolysis - ANSWER- break down of glycogen when glucagon is stimulated by hypoglycemia. Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER- the breakdown fats and proteins for energy, when there's no glucose intake. Ketones (acids) - ANSWER- used for short term energy but eventually result in acidosis, ...