CREME DE LA CREME 1

Give 2 reasons why in multicellular organisms, diffusion across outer membrane would be too slow? 1. Some cells deep within body- big distance between them and outside 2. Larger animals have low surface area to volume ratio- difficult to exchange enough substances to supply large volume What 2 things do most gas exchange surfaces have in common that increases the rate of diffusion? 1. They have large surface area 2. They're thin- short diffusion pathway Each gill is made of lots of th...

Enzyme Function Lowers the activation energy for a reaction to start, behaves as a catalyst Enzyme Structure Globular proteins that have a functional region known as an active site Active Site Functional region on an enzyme that is complimentary to substrates Complimentary Of a similar shape to one another

In what ways can variation be caused? It can be caused by genetic factors, such as alleles from mutations. It can also be caused by the environment, such as climate. Most variation is caused by a combination of genetic factors and environmental factors Why is it impossible to study a whole population? Because it is too large and would take too long. Instead, scientists use a sample that is representative of the species' population Why should the sample taken be random? So you can make s...

Dipeptide Two amino acids bonded together via a peptide bond Polypeptide Many amino acids bonded together via peptide bonds Protein A combination of polypeptides Amine Group -NH2, a basic group where the amino part of amino acid comes from

Examples of polymers Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids What type of sugar is glucose? Hexose How many types of glucose are there? 2 What are the names of the types of glucose? Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose Structure of Alpha Glucose Structure of Beta Glucose Are the types of glucose isomers? Yes What is a condensation reaction? When 2 molecules join together with the formation of a new chemical bond, releasing a water molecule

What are polymers? Polymers are molecules made from *many monomers* joined together. What are examples of monomers? *Monosaccharides, amino acids* and *nucleotides* What are examples of polymers? *Polysaccharides, polypeptides* and *polynucleotides* What reaction allows two monomers to bond together? A *condensation reaction* allows *two monomers* to be joined together by a chemical bond, *releasing a water molecule*. What reaction breaks the chemical bond between two molecules? A *hydroly...

What is a kinetic response? Non directional random movement in response to a stimulus What is a positive and negative taxis? Positive taxis- organism moves towards stimulus Negative taxis - organism moves away from stimulus What Are receptors? Detect stimuli- can be cells or proteins on cell surface membrane , loads of different types What are effectors? Cells that bring about a response to a stimulus to provide an effect ( muscle cells, glands) Receptors communicate with effectors via...

How do biological molecules provide evidence for evolution? They all have similar molecules and use the same amino acids and DNA. What are monomers of carbohydrates called? Monosaccharides. Beta Glucose Alpha glucose Glucose formula C₆H₁₂O₆ Name of the bond between monosaccharides? Glycosidic bond.

What are codominant alleles? Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype because neither one is recessive If an organism carries two copies of the same allele it said to be ........ Homozygous at the locus If an organism carries two different alleles it is said to be...... Heterozygous at that locus What is mono hybrid inheritance? Inheritance of a characteristic controlled by a single gene

What are codominant alleles? Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype because neither one is recessive If an organism carries two copies of the same allele it said to be ........ Homozygous at the locus If an organism carries two different alleles it is said to be...... Heterozygous at that locus What is mono hybrid inheritance? Inheritance of a characteristic controlled by a single gene