Demetrius

Main source of energy of the body correct answer: glucose What carbs break down and transform it to what ? correct answer: Breaks down CO2 and H2O then transform it to ATP ( the currency of energy ) What are dietary carbs ? correct answer: Lactose , sucrose , starch , fiber ( prevent colon cancer , constipation) What are carbs made from ? correct answer: aldehydes or ketones Classical examples of carbs ? correct answer: glucose and fructose what is the excess of carbs convert...

Increased in size of cells, Two types Physiologic = increase demand as in skeletal muscle Pathologic = Enlargement of heart Cardiomegaly correct answer: Hypertrophy FGF, TGF-Beta, IGF-1 correct answer: Which growth factors are involved in hypertrophy Endothelin-1, Angiotensinogen II correct answer: Which Vasoactive agents are involved in hypertrophy Barbiturates, Alcohol intake correct answer: An example of selective hypertrophy is the hypertrophy of smooth endoplasmic reticulum i...

Sarococcygeal teratoma correct answer: Tumor at base of coccyx derived from primitive streak Chordoma correct answer: Tumor from nucleus pulposis (remnants of notochord) Holoprosencephaly correct answer: Forebrain fails to develop into 2 hemispheres (caused by alcoholism while pregnant) Anencephaly correct answer: -Abnormal formation of neural tube (no forebrain) -Deficient of folic acid Spina bifida correct answer: Bony spinal canal does not close Ectopic pregnancy correct ...

What is glycosylation? correct answer: most common type of post-translational modification, produces glycoproteins what is added to the side chain of Asn( N) (Asparagine) ? correct answer: Oligosaccharide, therefore N- linked glycosylation why N-Linked glycosylation ? correct answer: prevent protein from aggregating and aids their binding chaperons what are chaperons ? correct answer: Proteins that assist in folding of new polypeptides, make sure it folds properly folds before progr...

What is cell signalling? correct answer: "Transduction of message(s) from one cell to another cell resulting in altered behaviour of target cell" What are the basic requirements of cell signalling? correct answer: 1. Signalling cell. 2. Extracellular ligand (signalling molecule). 3. Target (responding) cell. 4. Receptor (on plasma membrane or intracellular) Illustrate a general schematic of cell signaling correct answer: What are the 3 types of signalling? correct answer: 1. Endo...

what is the purpose of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? correct answer: diagnostic tool to amplify a desired DNA fragment. What do you need for PCR? correct answer: Excess PRIMERS, Excess dNTPs, DNA polymerase (taq) What is the purpose of DNA polymerase ? correct answer: makes polymers of any molecules what is a chain reaction ? correct answer: a reaction that progress in an exponential way 2--4--6--8--10 why making copied of DNA ? correct answer: diagnosing infections, crime ...

Main source of energy of the body correct answer: glucose What carbs break down and transform it to what ? correct answer: Breaks down CO2 and H2O then transform it to ATP ( the currency of energy ) What are dietary carbs ? correct answer: Lactose , sucrose , starch , fiber ( prevent colon cancer , constipation) What are carbs made from ? correct answer: aldehydes or ketones Classical examples of carbs ? correct answer: glucose and fructose what is the excess of carbs convert...

Describe the structure of a prokaryotic (bacterial) genome correct answer: 1. Circular in bacterial cells, 2. attached to the plasma membrane, 3. Can include a separate DNA fragment (plasmid DNA) What shape are plasmids? correct answer: Also circular What are 2 properties of plasmids? correct answer: 1. Can carry antiobiotic resistance, 2. Can be transferred between bacteria How many DNA molecules are in a human chromosome/genome? correct answer: 1 single DNA molecule What is chr...

What is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis? correct answer: phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) What activates phosphofructokinase-1? correct answer: AMP + fructose 2,6-bisphosphate What inhibits phosphofructokinase-1? correct answer: ATP + citrate What is the rate limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis? correct answer: fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 What inhibits fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1? correct answer: AMP + fructose-2,6-bisphosphate What is the rate limiting enzyme of the T...

What connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton? correct answer: the bony pectoral girdle What does the pectoral girdle consist of? correct answer: clavicle and scapula connected to the manubrium of the sternum What joints contribute to the pectoral girdle? correct answer: - acromioclavicular - sternoclavicular - shoulder / glenohumeral What supports, stabilizes and and moves the clavicles and scapulae? correct answer: axioappendicular muscles What type of joint is the gl...