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Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources - Parasympathetic nervous system which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself - Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow to GI and integumentary is decreased how are primary brain injuries classified - focal or diffuse (aka multifocal) focal brain injuries - specific, gr...

Pathologic hyperplasia - Produces an abnormal proliferation of abnormal cells Free radicals may be produced by - spontaneous decay of superoxide Alcohol (ethanol) - is metabolized via the microsomal p-450 oxidase pathway Aging is associated with - increased cross-linking of collagen What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? - Proteins What prevents water-soluble mole...

Difference in conduct disorder and ODD - Conduct try to control others, ODD doesnt. Conduct disorder often progresses to - Antisocial disorder This diagnosis does not include torchering animals - ODD This is a screening tool for OPIOIDs - COWS Drugs for Opioid withdrawal - Clonidine, Methdaone, Naltrexone This drug causes paranoia, hallucinations, sensory disorientation, sweating, dehydration, increased body temp - LSD What part of the brain does PTSD have an effect on - Amygdala, Prefron...

How do you measure fundal height - symphysis pubis to top of uterus When can you start to hear fetal heart tones? - around 12 wks What is quickening? - fetal movements felt by the mother When is quickening felt - between 16-20 weeks Abnormal Complaints in first trimester - 1st trimester: Vaginal bleeding Book: spotting, bleeding, cramping, painful urination, severe vomiting and/or diarrhea, fever > 100.4, symptoms of vaginal infection or STI; persistent or severe low abdominal pain, lig...

Weight changes in 1st year of life - Weight increases 6-8lbs, up to 20lbs in the 1st year of life When does the posterior fontanelle close? Anterior? - posterior- 2 months, anterior- 9-18 mo when do the abdominal muscles close? - 3 years When are the testicles descended? - usually descended at birth, but spontaneous descent may occur in the first year after birth. (usually 6 months) what do you assess for with infants musculoskeletal system? - leg fold symmetry hib abduction- no clicks O...

What is important to note when a patient has traumatic injury - If taking Blood Thinners Define delirium - Underlying acute cause, abrupt onset, hours to days, reversible, hallucinations, incoherent speech, confusion Define Dementia - Various causes, gradual change with mental status, months to years, progressive to irreversible (speech, memory, mood, judgment) An older adult with delirium would present with what type of behaviors? - Agitation and restlessness At the onset of alzheimers, w...

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) can sometimes show subtherapeutic range due to what? - Carbamazepine auto-induces metabolism, leading to lower levels despite good compliance What are the black box warnings for Carbamazepine? - Dermatologic reactions 1. Steven's Johnson 2. Toxic epidermal necrolysis What lab test should be ordered for patients on Carbamazepine? - CBC every 3-4 months because it can cause decreased WBC, decreased platelets, and trouble with RBC What kind of teaching needs to be...

What is the main component of the cell and what does it contain? - The nucleus; it contains the nucleolus What is the nucleolus composed of(4)? - RNA, Most of the cellular DNA, DNA-binding proteins, & histones What do histones do and why are they important? - They regulate DNA activity. -Histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes for cell division. -DNA chain in eukaryotic cells are extensive so risk of breakage is high What are ribosomes? - RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)...

How much of the cardiac output do the kidneys require? - 20-25% What causes the umbilical referred pain with kidney stones? - sensory innervation of the upper part of the ureter arising from the 10th thoracic nerve root. What are the clinical manifestations of a UTI in older adults? - confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort (symptoms are vague). What is pyelonephritis? - it is an infection of one or both upper urinary tracts(ureter, renal pelvis, and kidney interstitium). What...

Explain the pathophysiology associate with Type 1 and Type 2 DM. DM 1 - Is the result of an autoimmune mediated specific loss of beta cells in the pancreatic islet. One of the basic patho of type 2 DM is the development of insulin resistant tissue cells. Explain what occurs in panhypopituitarism - Panhypopituitarism is the term correctly associated with the lack of all anterior pituitary hormones. List the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism - The individual develops a low basal metab...