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Question 1.1 .a A company consists of various level of management which can be observed in the list below:  Top management  Middle management  Lower management  Individual management. Top management: This relates to senior management who:  Controls the entire organisation as a whole.  They are responsible for the strategic planning and long term planning of the company.  They are also responsible for the leadership and control of the implementation of strategies....

Question 1 (15) Identify at least five salutogenic constructs other than “Sense of Coherence” and provide a brief discussion on the meaning of each. You need to refer to page 17-21 of the study guide. The five additional salutogenic constructs are:  Locus of control Locus of control describes the extent to which individuals believe that their behaviour has a direct impact on events that follow. Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that they have control over what ...

Unilever is an international organization, well known for its consumer product brands in foods and beverages, household care and personal sanitary products. In 2015 Unilever employed an estimated people and its strategic and organizational culture success has seen it identified among the top organizations to work for thanks to its outlook on sustainability, strong branding and a people-centric values and robust performance culture. Unilever’s strategies enjoy a good success rate and a so...

Introduction According to Pamela Black (2016:1) the conflict theories can be traced back to Karl Marx and in accordance to Karl Marx some of the nations enacted laws which were criminalising certain behaviours and ways of life that could cause impediments in the progress of industrialization and this cooperated the utilisation of law as a way of protecting and further the interests of the capitalist of class. The conflict perspective contends that the functioning of the state is not to med...

Question 1 It is first important to define what a learning organisation and its attitude. A learning organisation has learning intertwined within the actions and activities the organisation does. It’s an attitude is inwards rather than externally and always look at itself and asking what needs to change that no longer serves us and has become a hinderance to progress. ‘(Senge the fifth discipline)turning the mirror inward’. They stay relevant and effective by updating the way that t...

1. INTRODUCTION • Labelling theory is the theory of how the self-identity and behaviour of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping. Labelling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. The theory was prominent du...

1. The term “division or arrangement of crime data into specific classes” refer to: 1. Crime patterns 2. Crime trends 3. Crime statistics 4. Crime classification 2. Which category of white-collar crime is characterised by crime in which people use their institutional or business position to trick others out of their money? 1. Chiselling 2. Peddling 3. Bribery 4. Swing 3. Which contemporary crime categories reflect Schafer’s life trend typology? 1. Economic, violent, sexual and ...

Question 1 1.1 I would inform the investigating officer that he needs to know that, first and foremost, there is a difference between an admission and a confession. An admission is simply an admission of one or more of the facts in issue (but not all the facts in issue), in contrast a confession is an admission of all the facts in issue. I would further inform the investigating officer that he also needs to distinguish between formal admissions (which are made in pleadings or in court) and...

1. The private sector is both part and product of organized society. There is though, a need to distinguish between private and public goods and services. Which one of the following is not a function of the private sector? (1) Creating jobs. (2) Doing business to generate profit. (3) Collecting and benefitting from taxes paid by the people. (4) Offering financial assistance to community initiatives. 2. Which one of the following alternatives is not a component of the governed? (1) Family...

Functions of the executive with regard to public finances Function of the executive with public finances are as follows; to regulate financial management in the national government and provincial governments, to ensure that all profits, expenditure, assets and accountabilities of those governments are managed professionally and effectively, to provide for the responsibilities of persons trusted with financial management in those governments. Public Finance Management A well-organized publ...