Psy 252 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Stanley Hall () - ️️contributed to psychology's rapid growth established first research laboratory for psychology in America at John Hopkins University -Launched psychology's first psychological journal -Driving force in the creation of the American Psychological Association (APA) Wilhem Wundt () - ️️made psychology an independent discipline credited with being the founder of psychology 1879 - ️️birth of psychology Psychology according to Wundt - ️️the scientific st...

Operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning) ~~> Skinner Social Psychology ~~> the scientific study of how we feel about, and behave toward the people around us and how our feelings, thoughts, and behaviors are influenced by those people Kurt Lewin ~~> Father of Social Psychology, developed many ideas like dynamic interactions Leon Festinger ~~> Edited "Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences"; Introduced the use of deception in experiments John Darley and Bibb ...

Cognition ~~> mental activity that includes the perception, acquisition, storage, transformation, and use of information Cognitive Psychology ~~> theoretical approach to psychology that focuses on studying individuals thought process and knowledge Cognitive Science ~~> interdisciplinary field that examines questions of the mind, focus on internal representations of external world Why learn about cognition? ~~> Occupies a major portion of human psychology, widespread infl...

Which of the following is true of the distinction between neuroscience and cognitive psychology? A. Neuroscience is analagous to a computer expert describing a computer at the level of the electronic components, cognitive psychology is analagous to a computer expert describing a computer at the level of the software B. studies using a neuroscientific approach include the collection of physiological data, studies using a cognitive approach only include the collection of behavioral dat...

motor signal or image displacement signal? ~~> image displacement signal Detecting Motion: Say you are studying in the quiet area on campus and a person walks by you but your eyes stay stationary looking at your computer in front of you. You're still aware that somebody did just walk by but you didn't avert your gaze to look directly at them and follow them with your eyes as they pass by. What signal gets sent to your brain in this scenario? Image displacement signal (IDS) OR ...

Feature Search - ️️Search for a target defined by a single attribute - If salient feature (different) number does not matter - If the feature is different enough, it becomes easier to find the target - Reaction Time for feature searches does not change with set size Monocular Depth Cues - ️️Represented in 2D and observed with one eye 1. Texture Gradient (closer, larger grains, farther apart, away - smaller grains, closer together) 2. Relative Size (closer - bigger, away - smaller)...

Functional Approach ~~> What if the purpose of ______? (ex: vision) What did it evolve to do? Structural Approach ~~> looking at body parts (eyeball, ear, brain) Error-based Approach ~~> When does it make mistakes? What does this tell us about how it works? (Ex: vision) Why is perception important? ~~> - need senses to interact with environment; to know what's there and what to do with it - sense things happening to you (esp if painful) -* to find and avoid predators -...

PSY 252 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Cigarette smoking among U.S. adolescents: a) peaked in 2005 and has gradually declined since then. b) has been increasing every year. c) peaked in 1996 and has gradually declined since then. d) has not seen a decline. In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty-first century, U.S. high school dropout rates: a) increased b) declined c) remained unchanged d) plateuaed In the University of Mich...

Actor-observer bias: ~~> Diff in attribution based on who is making the casual assessment: the actor who is relatively inclined to make situational attributions or the observer who is relatively inclined to make dispositional attributions BIRGing ~~> Basking in reflected glory People go to great lengths to announce their affiliation with a certain group when the group is doing well Boosts self esteem Confirmatory Hypothesis Testing (aka confirmation bias) ~~> We seek out in...

imaging techniques - ️️- Postion Emission, PET (Positron Emission Tomography Scan, Radioactive glucose (sugar) - MRI: Studies brain anatomy -fMRI (functional MRI): Studies brain function Wilhelm Wundt () - ️️set up the first psychological laboratory in an apartment near the university at Leipzig, Germany; trained subjects in introspection. Subjects were asked to accurately record their cognitive reactions to simple stimuli - 1879 - 1st Successful formal psych lab - 1881 - 1st jou...